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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Bibliography
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2 Intelligence
There is no mystery about it: the child who is familiar with books, ideas, conversation-the ways and means of the intellectual life-before he begins school, indeed, before he begins consciously to think, has a marked advantage. He is at home in the House of intellect just as the stableboy is at home among horses, or the child of actors on the stage. (Barzun, 1959, p. 142)It is... no exaggeration to say that sensory-motor intelligence is limited to desiring success or practical adaptation, whereas the function of verbal or conceptual thought is to know and state truth. (Piaget, 1954, p. 359)ntelligence has two parts, which we shall call the epistemological and the heuristic. The epistemological part is the representation of the world in such a form that the solution of problems follows from the facts expressed in the representation. The heuristic part is the mechanism that on the basis of the information solves the problem and decides what to do. (McCarthy & Hayes, 1969, p. 466)Many scientists implicitly assume that, among all animals, the behavior and intelligence of nonhuman primates are most like our own. Nonhuman primates have relatively larger brains and proportionally more neocortex than other species... and it now seems likely that humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas shared a common ancestor as recently as 5 to 7 million years ago.... This assumption about the unique status of primate intelligence is, however, just that: an assumption. The relations between intelligence and measures of brain size is poorly understood, and evolutionary affinity does not always ensure behavioral similarity. Moreover, the view that nonhuman primates are the animals most like ourselves coexists uneasily in our minds with the equally pervasive view that primates differ fundamentally from us because they lack language; lacking language, they also lack many of the capacities necessary for reasoning and abstract thought. (Cheney & Seyfarth, 1990, p. 4)Few constructs are asked to serve as many functions in psychology as is the construct of human intelligence.... Consider four of the main functions addressed in theory and research on intelligence, and how they differ from one another.1. Biological. This type of account looks at biological processes. To qualify as a useful biological construct, intelligence should be a biochemical or biophysical process or at least somehow a resultant of biochemical or biophysical processes.2. Cognitive approaches. This type of account looks at molar cognitive representations and processes. To qualify as a useful mental construct, intelligence should be specifiable as a set of mental representations and processes that are identifiable through experimental, mathematical, or computational means.3. Contextual approaches. To qualify as a useful contextual construct, intelligence should be a source of individual differences in accomplishments in "real-world" performances. It is not enough just to account for performance in the laboratory. On [sic] the contextual view, what a person does in the lab may not even remotely resemble what the person would do outside it. Moreover, different cultures may have different conceptions of intelligence, which affect what would count as intelligent in one cultural context versus another.4. Systems approaches. Systems approaches attempt to understand intelligence through the interaction of cognition with context. They attempt to establish a link between the two levels of analysis, and to analyze what forms this link takes. (Sternberg, 1994, pp. 263-264)High but not the highest intelligence, combined with the greatest degrees of persistence, will achieve greater eminence than the highest degree of intelligence with somewhat less persistence. (Cox, 1926, p. 187)There are no definitive criteria of intelligence, just as there are none for chairness; it is a fuzzy-edged concept to which many features are relevant. Two people may both be quite intelligent and yet have very few traits in common-they resemble the prototype along different dimensions.... [Intelligence] is a resemblance between two individuals, one real and the other prototypical. (Neisser, 1979, p. 185)Given the complementary strengths and weaknesses of the differential and information-processing approaches, it should be possible, at least in theory, to synthesise an approach that would capitalise upon the strength of each approach, and thereby share the weakness of neither. (Sternberg, 1977, p. 65)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Intelligence
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3 mind
1.
(the power by which one thinks etc; the intelligence or understanding: The child already has the mind of an adult.) mente, cabeza, cerebro
2. verb1) (to look after or supervise (eg a child): mind the baby.) cuidar2) (to be upset by; to object to: You must try not to mind when he criticizes your work.) importar, molestar3) (to be careful of: Mind (= be careful not to trip over) the step!) tener cuidado4) (to pay attention to or obey: You should mind your parents' words/advice.) hacer caso de
3. interjection(be careful!: Mind! There's a car coming!) ¡cuidado!- - minded- mindful
- mindless
- mindlessly
- mindlessness
- mindreader
- at/in the back of one's mind
- change one's mind
- be out of one's mind
- do you mind!
- have a good mind to
- have half a mind to
- have a mind to
- in one's mind's eye
- in one's right mind
- keep one's mind on
- know one's own mind
- make up one's mind
- mind one's own business
- never mind
- on one's mind
- put someone in mind of
- put in mind of
- speak one's mind
- take/keep one's mind off
- to my mind
mind1 n menteto my mind... a mi parecer / en mi opiniónmind2 vb1. importardo you mind if I sit here? ¿te importa que me siente aquí?2. cuidarwho is minding the baby? ¿quién está cuidando al niño?3. tener cuidadomind out! ¡cuidado!mind your own business! ¡ocúpate de tus asuntos!never mind! ¡no importa! / ¡da igual!tr[maɪnd]1 (intellect) mente nombre femenino2 (mentality) mentalidad nombre femenino■ you've got a dirty mind! ¡qué guarro eres!3 (brain, thoughts) cabeza, cerebro4 (person) cerebro1 (heed, pay attention to) hacer caso de; (care about) importar, preocupar■ don't mind me! ¡no me hagas caso!2 (be careful with) tener cuidado con■ mind the step! ¡cuidado con el escalón!■ mind your head! ¡ojo con la cabeza!3 (look after - child) cuidar, cuidar de; (- house) vigilar; (- shop) atender; (- seat, place) guardar■ could you mind the baby for a minute? ¿me puedes cuidar el bebé un momento?4 (object to, be troubled by) tener inconveniente en, importar, molestar■ I don't mind staying no tengo inconveniente en quedarme, no me importa quedarme■ are you sure you don't mind going? ¿seguro que no te importa ir?■ do you mind the noise? ¿te molesta el ruido?■ would you mind waiting? ¿le importaría esperar?5 (fancy, quite like) venir bien1 (be careful) tener cuidado■ mind (out)! ¡cuidado!, ¡ojo!2 (object to) importar, molestar, tener inconveniente■ do you mind if I open the window? ¿le importa que abra la ventana?■ would you mind if I used your phone? ¿podría utilizar su teléfono?■ do you want a biscuit? --I don't mind if I do! ¿quieres una galleta? --¡pues sí!\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLmind you... ten en cuenta que..., la verdad es que...mind your own business no te metas en lo que no te importanever mind (it doesn't matter) no importa, da igual 2 (don't worry) no te preocupes 3 (let alone) ni hablar denever you mind! ¿a ti qué te importa?to be all in the mind no ser más que imaginacionesto be in one's right mind estar en su sano juicioto be in two minds about something estar indeciso,-a respecto a algoto be of one mind / be of the same mind ser del mismo parecer, tener la misma opiniónto be of sound mind estar en pleno uso de sus facultades (mentales)to be on one's mind preocupar a unoto be out of one's mind estar loco,-ato bear something in mind tener algo en cuenta, tener algo presenteto blow somebody's mind alucinar a alguiento bring something to mind / call something to mind recordar algo, traer algo a la memoriato change one's mind cambiar de opinión, cambiar de parecerto come to mind ocurrírsele a uno, venir a la menteto cross somebody's mind ocurrírsele a alguien, pasar por la cabeza de alguiento get something/somebody out of one's mind quitarse algo/a alguien de la cabezato give one's mind to something aplicarse en algoto give somebody a piece of one's mind decir cuatro verdades a alguiento go out of one's mind volverse loco,-ato have a mind of one's own saber decidirse por sí mismo,-ato have a good mind to do something estar por hacer algo, estar casi decidido,-a a hacer algoto have half a mind to do something estar por hacer algo, estar casi decidido,-a a hacer algoto have it in mind to do something pensar hacer algoto have somebody/something in mind estar pensando en alguien/algoto have something on one's mind estar preocupado,-a por algoto keep an open mind tener una mente abiertato keep one's mind on something estar atento,-a a algo, prestar atención a algo, concentrarse en algoto lose one's mind perder el juicioto make up one's mind decidirseto put somebody in mind of something recordarle a alguien algoto put something out of one's mind no pensar más en algoto put/set somebody's mind at ease/rest tranquilizar a alguiento put/set/turn one's mind to something proponerse algoto slip somebody's mind olvidársele a unoto somebody's mind en la opinión de alguien■ to my mind en mi opinión, a mi parecerto speak one's mind hablar sin rodeos, decir lo que uno piensato take a load/weight off somebody's mind quitarle a alguien un peso de encimato take somebody's mind off something distraer a alguiento turn something over in one's mind darle vueltas a algomind ['maɪnd] vt1) tend: cuidar, atendermind the children: cuida a los niños2) obey: obedecer3) : preocuparse por, sentirse molestado porI don't mind his jokes: sus bromas no me molestan4) : tener cuidado conmind the ladder!: ¡cuidado con la escalera!mind vi1) obey: obedecer2) care: importarle a unoI don't mind: no me importa, me es igualmind n1) memory: memoria f, recuerdo mkeep it in mind: téngalo en cuenta2) : mente fthe mind and the body: la mente y el cuerpo3) intention: intención f, propósito mto have a mind to do something: tener intención de hacer algo4) : razón fhe's out of his mind: está loco5) opinion: opinión fto change one's mind: cambiar de opinión6) intellect: capacidad f intelectualadv.• mente adv.n.• cabeza s.f.• entendimiento s.m.• inteligencia s.f.• juicio s.m.• memoria s.f.• mente s.f.• mientes s.m.pl.• ánimo s.m.v.• acordarse de v.• atender v.• escuchar v.• fijarse en v.• tener en cuenta v.maɪnd
I
1)a) ( Psych) mente fwith an open/a closed mind — sin/con ideas preconcebidas
to keep an open mind on something — mantener* una mentalidad abierta or no cerrarse* frente a algo
I'm convinced in my own mind that... — yo estoy plenamente convencido de que...
to bear o keep something/somebody in mind — tener* algo/a alguien en cuenta, tener* presente algo/a alguien
to bring o call something to mind: this case brings to mind another incident este caso (nos) recuerda otro incidente; to come to mind: nothing in particular comes to mind no se me ocurre nada en particular; to have something/somebody in mind tener* algo/a alguien en mente; with that in mind pensando en eso; to have something on one's mind: what's on your mind? ¿qué es lo que te preocupa?; to prey o weigh on somebody's mind: it's been preying o weighing on my mind me ha estado preocupando; that put my mind at rest con eso me tranquilizé or me quedé tranquilo; put it out of your mind! no pienses más en eso!; I can see her now in my mind's eye es como si la estuviera viendo; you're not ill: it's all in the mind no estás enfermo, es pura sugestión; I can't get him/the thought out of my mind no puedo quitármelo de la cabeza, no hago más que pensar en él/en eso; it never crossed my mind that... ni se me ocurrió pensar que..., nunca me habría imaginado que..., ni se me pasó por la cabeza que...; to take a load o weight off somebody's mind quitarle a alguien un peso de encima; great minds think alike — (hum) los genios pensamos igual
b) ( mentality) mentalidad fc) ( Phil) (no art) espíritu m2) ( attention)to put one's mind to something: he can be quite charming if he puts his mind to it cuando quiere or cuando se lo propone, es un verdadero encanto; you could finish it today if you put your mind to it si te lo propones puedes terminarlo hoy; he needs something to take his mind off it necesita algo que lo distraiga; it slipped my mind — se me olvidó
3)a) ( opinion)to change one's mind — cambiar de opinión or de parecer or de idea
my mind's made up — lo he decidido, estoy decidido
he spoke his mind — dijo lo que pensaba, habló sin tapujos
to my mind — a mi parecer, en mi opinión
to be in o of two minds about something — estar* indeciso respecto a algo
b) (will, intention)he has a mind of his own — ( he is obstinate) es muy empecinado or porfiado or testarudo; ( he knows his own mind) sabe muy bien lo que quiere
to have a mind to + inf: when he has a mind to cuando quiere, cuando se lo propone; I've a good mind to complain to the manager tengo ganas de ir a quejarme al gerente; I've half a mind to tell her myself casi estoy por decírselo or casi se lo diría yo mismo; she certainly knows her own mind — ciertamente sabe lo que quiere
4) ( mental faculties) juicio m, razón fto be of sound mind — (frml) estar* en pleno uso de sus (or mis etc) facultades (mentales) (frml)
to be/go out of one's mind — estar*/volverse* loco
no one in her/his right mind... — nadie en su sano juicio or en sus cabales...
to blow somebody's mind — (colloq) alucinar a alguien (fam)
5) ( person) mente f, cabeza f, cerebro m
II
1.
1) ( look after) \<\<children\>\> cuidar, cuidar de; \<\<seat/place\>\> guardar, cuidar; \<\<shop/office\>\> atender*a) ( be careful about)mind your head! — ojo or cuidado con la cabeza!
mind how you go! — (colloq) cuídate, vete con cuidado
b) ( concern oneself about) preocuparse pordon't mind me — no se preocupen por mí, hagan como si yo no estuviera
c)never mind — ( let alone)
we didn't break even, never mind make a profit — ni siquiera cubrimos los gastos, ni hablar pues de ganancias
3) ( object to) (usu neg or interrog)I don't mind the noise/cold — no me molesta or no me importa el ruido/frío
I don't mind him, but I can't stand her — él no me disgusta, pero a ella no la soporto
I wouldn't mind a drink — (colloq) no me vendría mal un trago
I don't mind what you do — me da igual or me da lo mismo lo que hagas
to mind -ING: would you mind waiting? ¿le importaría esperar?, espere, por favor; if you don't mind me saying so — si me permites
2.
via) ( take care)mind! — ojo!, cuidado!
b) ( concern oneself)never mind — no importa, no te preocupes (or no se preocupen etc)
2) ( object) (usu neg or interrog)I don't mind — me da igual or lo mismo
have another one - I don't mind if I do! — (BrE hum) tómate otro - hombre, no te diría que no; ( expressing indignation)
do you mind if I smoke? - yes, I do mind! — ¿te importa si fumo? - sí que me importa!
do you mind! — ( expressing indignation) hágame el favor!
3) ( take note) (only in imperative)I'm not promising, mind! — mira que no te lo prometo ¿eh?
he's very generous; mind you, he can afford to be! — es muy generoso; pero claro, puede permitírselo
•Phrasal Verbs:- mind out[maɪnd]1. NOUN1) (=brain, head) mente fa logical/creative mind — una mente racional/creativa
•
it's all in the mind — es pura sugestión•
at the back of my mind I had the feeling that... — tenía la remota sensación de que...•
to bring one's mind to bear on sth — concentrarse en algo•
it came to my mind that... — se me ocurrió que...•
I'm not clear in my mind about it — todavía no lo tengo claro or no lo llego a entender•
it crossed my mind (that) — se me ocurrió (que)yes, it had crossed my mind — sí, eso se me había ocurrido
does it ever cross your mind that...? — ¿piensas alguna vez que...?
•
it never entered my mind — jamás se me pasó por la cabeza•
to go over sth in one's mind — repasar algo mentalmente•
to have one's mind on sth — estar pensando en algowhat's on your mind? — ¿qué es lo que te preocupa?
•
you can put that right out of your mind — conviene no pensar más en eso•
knowing that he had arrived safely set my mind at ease or rest — el saber que había llegado sano y salvo me tranquilizó•
the thought that springs to mind is... — lo que primero se le ocurre a uno es...•
that will take your mind off it — eso te distraerá•
to be uneasy in one's mind — quedarse con dudasblank 1., 2), read 1., 3), presencethat's a load or weight off my mind! — ¡eso me quita un peso de encima!
2) (=memory)•
to bear sth/sb in mind — tener en cuenta algo/a algnwe must bear (it) in mind that... — debemos tener en cuenta que..., tenemos que recordar que...
to keep sth/sb in mind — tener presente or en cuenta algo/a algn
•
to pass out of mind — caer en el olvidotime out of mind — tiempo m inmemorial
it went right or clean out of my mind — se me fue por completo de la cabeza
slip 3., 3), stick II, 2., 5)•
to bring or call sth to mind — recordar algo, traer algo a la memoria3) (=intention)•
you can do it if you have a mind to — puedes lograrlo si de verdad estás empeñado en elloI have half a mind to do it — estoy tentado or me dan ganas de hacerlo
•
nothing was further from my mind — nada más lejos de mi intención•
to have sth in mind — tener pensado algowho do you have in mind for the job? — ¿a quién piensas darle el puesto or tienes en mente para el puesto?
4) (=opinion) opinión f, parecer m•
to change one's mind — cambiar de opinión or idea or parecer•
to have a closed mind — tener una mente cerrada•
to know one's own mind — saber lo que uno quiere•
to make up one's mind — decidirsehe has made up his mind to leave home — ha decidido irse de casa, está decidido a irse de casa
•
to my mind — a mi juicio•
to be of one mind — estar de acuerdo•
with an open mind — con espíritu abierto or mentalidad abierta•
to have a mind of one's own — [person] (=think for o.s.) pensar por sí mismo; hum [machine etc] tener voluntad propia, hacer lo que quiere•
to be of the same mind — ser de la misma opinión, estar de acuerdoI was of the same mind as my brother — yo estaba de acuerdo con mi hermano, yo era de la misma opinión que mi hermano
- be in or of two mindspiece 1., 1), speak 2., 2)5) (=mental balance) juicio m•
to lose one's mind — perder el juicio•
nobody in his right mind would do it — nadie que esté en su sano juicio lo haría•
of sound mind — en pleno uso de sus facultades mentales•
of unsound mind — mentalmente incapacitado- be out of one's mindyou must be out of your mind! — ¡tú debes estar loco!
to go out of one's mind — perder el juicio, volverse loco
to go out of one's mind with worry/jealousy — volverse loco de preocupación/celos
6) (=person) mente f, cerebro m2. TRANSITIVE VERB1) (=be careful of) tener cuidado conmind you don't fall — ten cuidado, no te vayas a caer
mind you don't get wet! — ten cuidado, no te vayas a mojar
•
mind your head! — ¡cuidado con la cabeza!•
mind your language! — ¡qué manera de hablar es esa!•
mind your manners! — ¡qué modales son esos!•
mind the step! — ¡cuidado con el escalón!•
mind what you're doing! — ¡cuidado con lo que haces!•
mind where you're going! — ¡mira por dónde vas!•
mind yourself! — ¡cuidado, no te vayas a hacer daño!2) (=make sure)mind you do it! — ¡hazlo sin falta!, ¡no dejes de hacerlo!
3) (=pay attention to) hacer caso demind what I say! — ¡hazme caso!, ¡escucha lo que te digo!
•
mind your own business! — ¡no te metas donde no te llaman!•
don't mind me — por mí no se preocupedon't mind me! — iro ¡y a mí que me parta un rayo! *
•
never mind that now — olvídate de eso ahora•
mind you, it was raining at the time — claro que or te advierto que en ese momento llovíait was a big one, mind you — era grande, eso sí
4) (=look after) cuidarcould you mind the baby this afternoon? — ¿podrías cuidar al niño esta tarde?
could you mind my bags for a few minutes? — ¿me cuidas or guardas las bolsas un momento?
5) (=dislike, object to)•
I don't mind the cold — a mí no me molesta el fríoI don't mind four, but six is too many — cuatro no me importa, pero seis son muchos
if you don't mind my or me saying so, I think you're wrong — perdona que te diga pero estás equivocado, permíteme que te diga que te equivocas
I don't mind telling you, I was shocked — estaba horrorizado, lo confieso
•
I wouldn't mind a cup of tea — no me vendría mal un té•
do you mind telling me where you've been? — ¿te importa decirme dónde has estado?•
would you mind opening the door? — ¿me hace el favor de abrir la puerta?, ¿le importa(ría) abrir la puerta?7) dialect (=remember) acordarse de, recordarI mind the time when... — me acuerdo de cuando...
3. INTRANSITIVE VERB1) (=be careful) tener cuidadomind! — ¡cuidado!, ¡ojo!, ¡abusado! (Mex)
2) (=object)do you mind? — ¿te importa?
do you mind! — iro ¡por favor!
do you mind if I open the window? — ¿te molesta que abra or si abro la ventana?
do you mind if I come? — ¿te importa que yo venga?
"do you mind if I take this book?" - "I don't mind at all" — -¿te importa si me llevo or que me lleve este libro? -en absoluto
if you don't mind, I won't come — si no te importa, yo no iré
please, if you don't mind — si no le importa, si es tan amable
close the door, if you don't mind — hazme el favor de cerrar la puerta
"cigarette?" - "I don't mind if I do" — -¿un cigarrillo? -pues muchas gracias or bueno or no digo que no
•
never mind — (=don't worry) no te preocupes; (=it makes no odds) es igual, da lo mismo; (=it's not important) no importaI can't walk, never mind run — no puedo andar, ni mucho menos correr
he didn't do it, mind — pero en realidad no lo hizo, la verdad es que no lo hizo
4.COMPOUNDS- mind out* * *[maɪnd]
I
1)a) ( Psych) mente fwith an open/a closed mind — sin/con ideas preconcebidas
to keep an open mind on something — mantener* una mentalidad abierta or no cerrarse* frente a algo
I'm convinced in my own mind that... — yo estoy plenamente convencido de que...
to bear o keep something/somebody in mind — tener* algo/a alguien en cuenta, tener* presente algo/a alguien
to bring o call something to mind: this case brings to mind another incident este caso (nos) recuerda otro incidente; to come to mind: nothing in particular comes to mind no se me ocurre nada en particular; to have something/somebody in mind tener* algo/a alguien en mente; with that in mind pensando en eso; to have something on one's mind: what's on your mind? ¿qué es lo que te preocupa?; to prey o weigh on somebody's mind: it's been preying o weighing on my mind me ha estado preocupando; that put my mind at rest con eso me tranquilizé or me quedé tranquilo; put it out of your mind! no pienses más en eso!; I can see her now in my mind's eye es como si la estuviera viendo; you're not ill: it's all in the mind no estás enfermo, es pura sugestión; I can't get him/the thought out of my mind no puedo quitármelo de la cabeza, no hago más que pensar en él/en eso; it never crossed my mind that... ni se me ocurrió pensar que..., nunca me habría imaginado que..., ni se me pasó por la cabeza que...; to take a load o weight off somebody's mind quitarle a alguien un peso de encima; great minds think alike — (hum) los genios pensamos igual
b) ( mentality) mentalidad fc) ( Phil) (no art) espíritu m2) ( attention)to put one's mind to something: he can be quite charming if he puts his mind to it cuando quiere or cuando se lo propone, es un verdadero encanto; you could finish it today if you put your mind to it si te lo propones puedes terminarlo hoy; he needs something to take his mind off it necesita algo que lo distraiga; it slipped my mind — se me olvidó
3)a) ( opinion)to change one's mind — cambiar de opinión or de parecer or de idea
my mind's made up — lo he decidido, estoy decidido
he spoke his mind — dijo lo que pensaba, habló sin tapujos
to my mind — a mi parecer, en mi opinión
to be in o of two minds about something — estar* indeciso respecto a algo
b) (will, intention)he has a mind of his own — ( he is obstinate) es muy empecinado or porfiado or testarudo; ( he knows his own mind) sabe muy bien lo que quiere
to have a mind to + inf: when he has a mind to cuando quiere, cuando se lo propone; I've a good mind to complain to the manager tengo ganas de ir a quejarme al gerente; I've half a mind to tell her myself casi estoy por decírselo or casi se lo diría yo mismo; she certainly knows her own mind — ciertamente sabe lo que quiere
4) ( mental faculties) juicio m, razón fto be of sound mind — (frml) estar* en pleno uso de sus (or mis etc) facultades (mentales) (frml)
to be/go out of one's mind — estar*/volverse* loco
no one in her/his right mind... — nadie en su sano juicio or en sus cabales...
to blow somebody's mind — (colloq) alucinar a alguien (fam)
5) ( person) mente f, cabeza f, cerebro m
II
1.
1) ( look after) \<\<children\>\> cuidar, cuidar de; \<\<seat/place\>\> guardar, cuidar; \<\<shop/office\>\> atender*a) ( be careful about)mind your head! — ojo or cuidado con la cabeza!
mind how you go! — (colloq) cuídate, vete con cuidado
b) ( concern oneself about) preocuparse pordon't mind me — no se preocupen por mí, hagan como si yo no estuviera
c)never mind — ( let alone)
we didn't break even, never mind make a profit — ni siquiera cubrimos los gastos, ni hablar pues de ganancias
3) ( object to) (usu neg or interrog)I don't mind the noise/cold — no me molesta or no me importa el ruido/frío
I don't mind him, but I can't stand her — él no me disgusta, pero a ella no la soporto
I wouldn't mind a drink — (colloq) no me vendría mal un trago
I don't mind what you do — me da igual or me da lo mismo lo que hagas
to mind -ING: would you mind waiting? ¿le importaría esperar?, espere, por favor; if you don't mind me saying so — si me permites
2.
via) ( take care)mind! — ojo!, cuidado!
b) ( concern oneself)never mind — no importa, no te preocupes (or no se preocupen etc)
2) ( object) (usu neg or interrog)I don't mind — me da igual or lo mismo
have another one - I don't mind if I do! — (BrE hum) tómate otro - hombre, no te diría que no; ( expressing indignation)
do you mind if I smoke? - yes, I do mind! — ¿te importa si fumo? - sí que me importa!
do you mind! — ( expressing indignation) hágame el favor!
3) ( take note) (only in imperative)I'm not promising, mind! — mira que no te lo prometo ¿eh?
he's very generous; mind you, he can afford to be! — es muy generoso; pero claro, puede permitírselo
•Phrasal Verbs:- mind out -
4 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.■ Cunhal, Alvaro. A Revolução Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.■ Eisfeid, Rainer. "Portugal: What Role/What Future?" In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution. New York: RIIC, Columbia University, 1984.■. Sozialistischer Pluralismus in Europa: Ansãtze und Scheitern am Beispiel Portugal. Cologne: Verlag Wissenchaft ünd Politik, 1985.■. "Portugal and Western Europe." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 29-62. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■ Farinha, Luis. "Regresso a Europa. Uma opcao feliz." Historia. XXIX; 95, III series (March 2007), 23-33.■ Faye, Jean-Pierre, ed. Portugal: The Revolution in the Labyrinth. Nottingham, U.K.: Spokesman, 1976. Ferreira, Hugo Gil, and Michael W. Marshall. Portugal's Revolution: Ten Years On. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Figueira, João Costa. Cavaco Silva: Homem de Estado. Lisbon, 1987. Filoche, Gérard. Printemps Portugais. Paris: Editions Action, 1984. Frémontier, Jacques. Os Pontos nos ii. Lisbon, 1976. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. 25 de Abril-10 anos depois. Lisbon, 1984. Futscher Pereira, Bernardo. "Portugal and Spain." In K. Maxwell, ed. Portugal in the 1980s, 63-87. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■ Gama, Jaime. Política Externa Portuguesa 1983-85: Ministério dos Negôcios Estrangeiros. Lisbon, 1986.■. "Preface." In J. Calvet de Magalhães, A. de Vasconcelos, and J. Ramos Silva, eds., Portugal: An Atlantic Paradox, 9-11. Lisbon, 1990. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino. As Eleições De 25 De Abril: Geografia E Imagem Dos Partidos. Lisbon, 1976.■. "10 Anos de Democracia: Reflexos na geografia política." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opelio, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal 1974-1984/ Conflitos e Mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984, 135-55. Lisbon, 1985.■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.■ Seary, E. R. 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Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. 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Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.■ EQUESTRIANISM■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.comHistorical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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5 mind
mind [maɪnd]esprit ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (e)-(g) attention ⇒ 1 (c) avis ⇒ 1 (h) faire attention à ⇒ 2 (a)-(c) déranger ⇒ 1 (d) garder ⇒ 2 (e) faire attention ⇒ 3 (c)1 noun∎ the power of mind over matter le pouvoir de l'esprit sur la matière;∎ to be strong in mind and body être physiquement et mentalement solide;∎ to be of sound mind être sain d'esprit;∎ to be/to go out of one's mind être/devenir fou(folle);∎ are you out of your mind?, you must be out of your mind! est-ce que tu as perdu la tête?;∎ he was out of his mind with worry il était fou d'inquiétude;∎ he isn't in his right mind il n'a pas tous ses esprits;∎ no one in their right mind would do such a thing aucune personne sensée n'agirait ainsi;∎ to be bored out of one's mind mourir d'ennui∎ such a thought had never entered his mind une telle pensée ne lui était jamais venue à l'esprit;∎ there's something on her mind il y a quelque chose qui la tracasse;∎ I have a lot on my mind j'ai beaucoup de soucis;∎ what's going on in her mind? qu'est-ce qui se passe dans son esprit ou sa tête?;∎ at the back of one's mind au fond de soi-même;∎ at the back of my mind was the fear that we would arrive too late au fond de moi-même, je craignais que nous n'arrivions trop tard;∎ to put sth to the back of one's mind chasser qch de son esprit;∎ I just can't get him out of my mind je n'arrive absolument pas à l'oublier;∎ to have sb/sth in mind penser à qn/qch de précis;∎ the person I have in mind la personne à laquelle je pense;∎ who do you have in mind for the role? à qui songez-vous pour le rôle?, qui avez-vous en vue pour le rôle?;∎ what kind of holiday did you have in mind? qu'est-ce que tu voulais ou voudrais faire pour les vacances?;∎ I had something smaller in mind je pensais à quelque chose de plus petit;∎ you must put the idea out of your mind tu dois te sortir cette idée de la tête;∎ put it out of your mind n'y pensez plus;∎ to set one's mind on doing sth se mettre en tête de faire qch;∎ to have one's mind set on sth vouloir qch à tout prix;∎ a drink will take your mind off the accident bois un verre, ça te fera oublier l'accident;∎ to put or set sb's mind at rest rassurer qn;∎ to see things in one's mind's eye bien se représenter qch;∎ it's all in your mind! tu te fais des idées!;∎ it's all in the mind tout ça, c'est dans la tête∎ to give one's whole mind to sth accorder toute son attention à qch;∎ I can't seem to apply my mind to the problem je n'arrive pas à me concentrer sur le problème;∎ I'm sure if you put your mind to it you could do it je suis sûr que si tu essayais vraiment, tu pourrais le faire;∎ keep your mind on the job ne vous laissez pas distraire;∎ your mind is not on the job tu n'as pas la tête à ce que tu fais;∎ she does crosswords to keep her mind occupied elle fait des mots croisés pour s'occuper l'esprit;∎ American don't pay him any mind ne fais pas attention à lui∎ my mind has gone blank j'ai un trou de mémoire;∎ it brings to mind the time we were in Spain cela me rappelle l'époque où nous étions en Espagne;∎ Churchill's words come to mind on pense aux paroles de Churchill;∎ it went clean or right out of my mind cela m'est complètement sorti de l'esprit ou de la tête;∎ to put sb in mind of sb/sth rappeler qn/qch à qn;∎ it puts me in mind of Japan cela me fait penser au Japon, cela me rappelle le Japon;∎ to bear or keep sth in mind (think about) songer à qch; (take into account) tenir compte de qch; (not forget) ne pas oublier qch, garder qch à l'esprit;∎ we must bear in mind that she is only a child il ne faut pas oublier que ce n'est qu'une enfant;∎ I'll bear it in mind (what you suggested) je prends note;∎ it must have slipped my mind j'ai dû oublier;∎ familiar to have a mind like a sieve avoir (une) très mauvaise mémoire□ ;∎ British time out of mind I've warned him not to go there cela fait une éternité que je lui dis de ne pas y aller(e) (intellect) esprit m;∎ she has an outstanding mind elle est d'une très grande intelligence;∎ he has the mind of a child il a l'esprit d'un enfant(f) (intelligent person, thinker) esprit m, cerveau m;∎ the great minds of our century les grands esprits ou cerveaux de notre siècle;∎ proverb great minds think alike(, fools seldom differ) les grands esprits se rencontrent;∎ humorous how about a drink? - great minds think alike! si on prenait une verre? - les grands esprits se rencontrent!∎ the Western mind la pensée occidentale;∎ I haven't got a scientific mind je n'ai pas l'esprit scientifique;∎ you've got a dirty mind! tu as l'esprit mal placé!;∎ she has a nasty mind elle voit le mal partout;∎ he has a suspicious mind il est soupçonneux de nature;∎ it's probably just my suspicious mind but I don't trust him c'est probablement que je suis trop suspicieux ou soupçonneux, mais je n'ai pas confiance en lui∎ to be of the same or of like or of one mind être du même avis;∎ they're all of one or the same mind ils sont tous d'accord ou du même avis;∎ to know one's own mind savoir ce qu'on veut;∎ you've got a mind of your own tu peux décider toi-même;∎ the car seemed to have a mind of its own la voiture semblait faire ce que bon lui semblait;∎ to my mind,… à mon avis,…, selon moi,…;∎ I'm in two minds about where to go for my holidays je ne sais pas très bien où aller passer mes vacances;∎ I'm in two minds about going je ne sais pas si je vais y aller;∎ to make up one's mind se décider, prendre une décision;∎ make up your mind! décidez-vous!;∎ I can't make up your mind for you je ne peux pas décider à ta place;∎ my mind is made up ma décision est prise;∎ to make up one's mind about sth décider qch;∎ to make up one's mind to do sth se décider à faire qch;∎ she's made up her mind to move house elle s'est résolue à déménager∎ I've half a mind to give up j'ai presque envie de renoncer;∎ I've a good mind to tell him what I think j'ai bien envie de lui dire ce que je pense∎ nothing was further from my mind je n'en avais nullement l'intention;∎ I've had it in mind for some time now j'y songe depuis un moment(a) (pay attention to) faire attention à;∎ he didn't mind my advice il n'a pas fait attention à ou n'a pas écouté mes conseils;∎ mind your own business! occupe-toi de ce qui te regarde!, mêle-toi de tes oignons!;∎ mind your language! surveille ton langage!;∎ to mind one's manners se surveiller;∎ mind the step (sign) attention à la marche;∎ mind the cat! attention au chat!;∎ mind what you say (pay attention) réfléchissez à ou faites attention à ce que vous dites; (don't be rude) mesurez vos paroles;∎ mind what you're doing! regarde ce que tu fais!;∎ would you mind where you're putting your feet, please? est-ce que tu peux faire attention où tu mets les pieds, s'il te plaît?;(b) (be sure that) faire attention à;∎ mind you write to him! n'oubliez pas de lui écrire!;∎ mind you don't fall! faites attention de ne pas tomber!;∎ mind you don't forget n'oubliez surtout pas;∎ mind you don't break it fais bien attention de ne pas le casser;∎ mind you're not late! faites en sorte de ne pas être en retard!;∎ mind you post my letter n'oubliez surtout pas de poster ma lettre(c) (concern oneself with) faire attention à, s'inquiéter de ou pour;∎ don't mind me, I'll just sit here quietly ne vous inquiétez pas de moi, je vais m'asseoir ici et je ne dérangerai personne;∎ don't mind him, he's always like that ne fais pas attention à lui, il est toujours comme ça;∎ ironic don't mind me, I only live here! je t'en prie, fais comme chez toi!;∎ I really don't mind what he says/thinks je me fiche de ce qu'il peut dire/penser∎ I don't mind him il ne me dérange pas;∎ I don't mind the cold le froid ne me gêne pas;∎ I don't mind trying je veux bien essayer;∎ you don't mind me using the car, do you? - I mind very much cela ne te dérange pas que je prenne la voiture? - cela me dérange beaucoup;∎ do you mind going out when the weather's cold? est-ce que cela vous ennuie de sortir quand il fait froid?;∎ do you mind me smoking? cela ne vous ennuie ou dérange pas que je fume?;∎ did you mind me inviting her? tu aurais peut-être préféré que je ne l'invite pas?, ça t'ennuie que je l'aie invitée?;∎ would you mind turning out the light, please? est-ce que tu peux éteindre la lumière, s'il te plaît?;∎ how much do you earn, if you don't mind my or me asking? combien est-ce que vous gagnez, sans indiscrétion?;∎ I wouldn't mind having his salary ça ne me dérangerait pas de gagner autant que lui;∎ I wouldn't mind a cup of tea je prendrais bien ou volontiers une tasse de thé(e) (look after → children) garder; (→ bags, possessions) garder, surveiller; (→ shop, business) garder, tenir; (→ plants, garden) s'occuper de, prendre soin de;∎ can you mind the house for us while we're away? (watch) pouvez-vous surveiller la maison pendant notre absence?; (look after) pouvez-vous vous occuper de la maison pendant notre absence?∎ mind (you), I'm not surprised remarque ou tu sais, cela ne m'étonne pas;∎ mind you, he's a bit young ceci dit, il est un peu jeune;∎ mind you, I've always thought he was a bit strange remarquez, j'ai toujours trouvé qu'il était un peu bizarre;∎ but, mind you, it was late mais, voyez-vous, il était tard;∎ never mind that now (leave it) ne vous occupez pas de cela tout de suite; (forget it) ce n'est plus la peine de s'en occuper;∎ never mind the consequences ne vous préoccupez pas des conséquences, peu importent les conséquences;∎ never mind what people say/think peu importe ce que disent/pensent les gens;∎ never mind his feelings, I've got a business to run! je me moque de ses états d'âme, j'ai une entreprise à diriger!;∎ never mind him, just run for it! ne t'occupe pas de lui, fonce!(a) (object → in requests)∎ do you mind if I open the window? cela vous dérange si j'ouvre la fenêtre?;∎ would you mind if I opened the window? est-ce que cela vous dérangerait si j'ouvrais la fenêtre?;∎ do you mind if I smoke? est-ce que cela vous gêne ou dérange que je fume?;∎ I don't mind in the least cela ne me dérange pas le moins du monde;∎ if you don't mind si vous voulez bien, si vous n'y voyez pas d'inconvénient;∎ I can't say I really mind je ne peux pas dire que cela m'ennuie ou me dérange vraiment;∎ do you mind if I take the car? - of course I don't mind est-ce que cela vous ennuie que je prenne la voiture? - bien sûr que non;∎ familiar I don't mind if I do (in reply to offer) je ne dis pas non, ce n'est pas de refus(b) (care, worry)∎ I don't mind if people laugh at me - but you should mind! je ne me soucie guère que les gens se moquent de moi - mais vous devriez!;∎ if you don't mind, I haven't finished si cela ne vous fait rien, je n'ai pas terminé;∎ do you mind? (politely) vous permettez?;∎ ironic do you mind! (indignantly) non mais!;∎ never you mind! (don't worry) ne vous en faites pas!; (mind your own business) ce n'est pas votre affaire!;∎ never mind about the money now ne t'en fais pas pour l'argent, on verra plus tard∎ mind when you cross the road fais attention en traversant la route;∎ mind! attention!►► mind reader voyant(e) m,f;∎ he must be a mind reader il lit dans les pensées comme dans un livre;∎ I'm not a mind reader je ne suis pas devin;Marketing mind share part f de notoriétéBritish faire attention;∎ mind out! attention!;∎ mind out for the rocks! attention aux rochers! -
6 head
[hed] 1. сущ.1)а) головаfrom head to foot / heel, head to foot — с головы до пят
to bare one's head — обнажать голову, снимать шапку
to bow one's head — наклонять, склонять голову
to drop / hang / lower one's head — опускать голову
to lift / raise one's head — поднимать голову
to toss one's head — вскидывать голову, встряхнуть головой
good / strong head — крепкая голова (способность пить, не пьянея)
a good head for heights — способность не бояться высоты, не испытывать головокружения на высоте
a bad head for heights — боязнь высоты, головокружение ( при взгляде вниз с большой высоты)
I comb'd his comely head. — Я расчесал его миленькую головку.
в) жизньProofs enough against this scoundrel, Fritz, to cost him his head. — Против этого негодяя, Фриц, достаточно фактов, чтобы это стоило ему головы.
г) амер.; разг. головная боль ( вызванная ударом или алкогольным опьянением)I get one of those blinding heads. — У меня этот ужасный приступ головной боли.
She was lying down with a head. — Она лежала с головной болью.
2) ум, интеллект, умственные способностиaccounts which he kept in his head — счета, которые он держал в голове
to use one's head — соображать, хорошенько думать, шевелить мозгами
to cram / fill / stuff smb.'s head (with nonsense) — набивать чью-л. голову чепухой
to have a (good) head (up)on one's shoulders — иметь голову на плечах, быть умным, искусным
It is not your fault that you have no head for politics. (G. B. Shaw) — Не ваша вина, что вы совершенно не годитесь для политики.
cool head, level head — рассудок, рассудительность, спокойствие, хладнокровие
to keep a level head, keep one's head — владеть собой, сохранять спокойствие
to lose one's head — потерять спокойствие, выйти из себя
Syn:3)a head of Titian by his own hand — изображение головы Тициана, набросанное им самим
б) ( heads) лицевая сторона монеты ( с изображением головы), орёлHeads I win, (and) tails you lose. — В любом случае я выигрываю.; В любом случае ты проигрываешь.
в) диал.; разг. почтовая марка ( с изображением монарха)4)а) человекThose wise heads came to the conclusion that there was hope. — Эти мудрецы решили, что есть надежда.
He's a hot head. — Он горячая голова, горячий человек.
б) мн. head голова ( при подсчёте скота)в) неопределённое количество или скопление животных, дичиShooting tenants ought to be obliged to wire-in their woods where they kept a large head of rabbits. — Следовало обязать занимающихся охотой владельцев огородить проволокой свои леса, где они держали большое количество кроликов.
г) нарк. наркоман ( употребляющий тяжёлые наркотики; обычно в составе сложных слов)Syn:5)а) верхушка, верхняя часть (возвышенности, сооружения, шеста, мачты)б) наконечник (копья, дротика, стрелы), лезвие ( ножа), обух ( топора), боёк ( молота)г) относительно неподвижный конец мышцы, которым она прикрепляется к костид) луковицеобразное расширение стеклянной трубки, например, шарик термометраж) муз. часть ноты, определяющая её позицию на нотном стане ( в отличие от вертикальной линии)з) часть скрипки и других струнных инструментов, на которой крепятся колкии) верхняя часть смычка или та часть, где крепится волос смычкак) днище (бочки, бочонка и подобных сосудов); обтянутые кожей основания барабанал) архит. замочный камень ( свода); уст. капитель колонным) стр. верхний брус оконной / дверной коробкин) откидной верх экипажа, автомобиляо) веретено (весла, якоря)п) общее название более крупных пластинок (обычно их тринадцать) панциря черепахир) передняя лука седла; ручка гимнастического коняс) рога оленя, косули-самцат) оголовье уздечки, недоуздокSyn:6)а) любая округлая часть растения, обычно на конце стебля, например:головка (цветка, чеснока), кочан (капусты, кочанного салата), колос ( зерновых), шляпка ( гриба), семенная коробочка ( мака) и др.7)8)а) начало страницы; заголовок, отдел, рубрикаSyn:Headlines were larger and bolder and scare heads attracted readers. — Газетные шапки были крупнее и жирнее, а сенсационные заголовки привлекали читателей.
Syn:9) мед. назревшая головка нарыва, фурункула10) верхняя часть чего-л.: часть озера, куда впадает река; более высокий край долины; изголовье кровати; сторона могилы, где лежит голова покойного; сторона стола, где обычно сидит глава домаAnt:11)а) исток, верховье рекиThe head of the Mississippi River is in Minnesota. — Истоки Миссисипи находятся в штате Миннесота.
б) = fountainhead источник, начало, первоисточник•Syn:12)а) тех.; гидр. напор, давление столба жидкости; насыпь, дамба ( которые выдерживают напор воды)13)а) головная часть (процессии, колонны)The tallest boy stood at the head of the line. — Самый высокий мальчик стоял впереди всех.
14)а) передняя, носовая часть судна- down by the head- by the headб) = heads; мор. гальюнв) = heads; разг. уборная, сортир, отхожее местоSyn:15) геогр. мысSyn:16)а) глава, руководитель, начальникtitular head — формальный / номинальный директор
department head, head of the department — глава департамента, начальник отдела
Syn:б) = headmasterв) руководящее положение, лидирующее положениеThe studious girl graduated at the head of her class. — Прилежная девочка окончила школу лучше всех своих одноклассников.
17) результат, исход; высшая точка, кульминация; перелом, кризисto bring smth. to a head — доводить что-л. до кульминации
It might bring things to a head, one way or the other. — Тем или иным образом это может вызвать кризис.
But it is time to draw to a head this somewhat lengthened discussion. — Пора подвести эту затянувшуюся дискуссию к решающему моменту.
Syn:issue, result, conclusion, summing up, culmination, climax, crisis, peak, extremity, maturity, pitch, height18) ( heads) горн. руда ( чистая); концентрат ( высшего качества)19) метал. прибыль ( при литье)••to have an old head on young shoulders — иметь здравый смысл, быть не по годам умудрённым
- do smb.'s head in- do it standing on one's head
- do it on one's head
- out of head
- roof over smb.'s head
- over smb.'s head
- over one's head
- give head
- go to smb.'s head
- by the head and ears
- over head and ears
- head over ears
- give a horse his head
- keep one's head above water
- bring smth. to a head
- head over heels
- make head
- off one's head
- get one's head round smth.
- per head 2. прил.1) главный, старшийhead physician — главный, старший врач
Syn:2) верхний; передний3) встречныйhead tide, head current — встречное течение
4) предназначенный для ношения на голове; головной3. гл.1) = head up возглавлять, руководить, управлятьWhen the president died the vice president was chosen to head the firm. — Когда умер глава фирмы, руководить фирмой было поручено его заместителю.
Company requires capable and professional person to head up real estate department. — Фирме требуется способный профессиональный человек, который мог бы возглавить отдел недвижимости.
Syn:2) возглавлять, лидировать, быть в первых рядах; превосходитьThe Cambridge crew took the lead from the first, were never headed, and won by upwards of three lengths. — Команда Кембриджа с самого начала захватила лидерство, удерживала его и выиграла с преимуществом в три корпуса.
Syn:3)а) озаглавливать; помещать (обращение, имя) в начало страницыб) начинать, открывать (список, текст)At the last general election Mr. L. headed the poll with 4,159 votes. — На последних всеобщих выборах мистер Л. возглавил список, набрав 4159 голосов.
4) направлять (в какую-л. сторону)The Fram lay moored with her bow heading west. — Фрам стоял на якоре, повернув нос на запад.
Head the boat toward shore. — Направь лодку к берегу.
Syn:5) направляться, держать курс, следоватьWhen the rain stops let's head for the picnic grounds. — Когда дождь прекратится, давай отправимся к месту пикника.
Syn:6) направляться навстречу; сталкиваться; атаковать с фронтаHe has to cover his face with a muffler, and head the driving snow. — Ему приходится заматывать лицо шарфом и двигаться навстречу слепящему снегу.
7) = head off / back мешать, препятствовать прям. и перен.To head my rival off I indulged in a tremendous flirtation. — Чтобы помешать своему сопернику, я вовсю пустился флиртовать.
8) огибать, обходить (реку, озеро)It is shorter to cross a stream than to head it. — Быстрее переправиться через ручей, чем обходить его.
9) преим. амер. брать начало ( о реке)10)а) снабжать верхом, верхушкой, приделывать головкуб) формировать, составлять вершину, верхушкуtower headed by a spire — башня, заканчивающаяся шпилем
11) = head out, = head up формировать колос, колоситься ( о зерновых), завиваться ( о капусте)This cabbage heads early. — Этот сорт капусты рано образует кочаны.
12) = head down обрезать ветки, формируя крону, подрезать верхушку (дерева, куста)Syn:13) уст. обезглавливать14) спорт. отбивать мяч головой; играть головой15) ( head for)а) достигатьIt looks as if the firm is heading for another record year! — Кажется, в этом году наша фирма поставит очередной рекорд!
б) разг. рисковать, навлекать на себяYou're heading for an accident if you drive after drinking alcohol. — Если ты садишься пьяным за руль, ты рискуешь попасть в аварию.
•- head off
- head out
- head up -
7 force
A n1 (physical strength, impact) (of blow, explosion, collision, earthquake) force f ; ( of sun's rays) puissance f ; ( of fall) choc m ; he was knocked over by the force of the blast/the blow il est tombé sous la force de l'explosion/du coup ; I hit him with all the force I could muster je l'ai frappé de toutes mes forces ;2 gen, Mil ( physical means) force f ; to use force recourir à or employer la force ; by force par la force ; by force of arms, by military force à la force des armes ;3 fig ( strength) (of intellect, memory, enthusiasm, logic, grief) force f ; by ou out of ou from force of habit/of circumstance/of numbers par la force de l'habitude/des circonstances/du nombre ; ‘no,’ she said with some force ‘non,’ a-t-elle dit avec force ; to have the force of law avoir force de loi ;4 ( strong influence) force f ; a force for good/change une force agissant pour le bien/le changement ; the forces of evil les forces du mal ; she's a force in the democratic movement c'est un personnage important du mouvement démocratique ; market forces forces du marché ; this country is no longer a world force ce pays n'est plus une puissance mondiale ;5 ¢ ( organized group) forces fpl ; expeditionary/peacekeeping force forces expéditionnaires/de maintien de la paix ; naval/ground force forces navales/terrestres ; ⇒ labour force, workforce, task force etc ;7 Phys force f ; centrifugal/centripetal force force centrifuge/centripète ; force of gravity pesanteur f ;1 (in large numbers, strength) en force ;D vtr1 (compel, oblige) forcer ; to force sb/sth to do gen forcer qn/qch à faire ; to be forced to do gen être forcé de faire ; he forced his voice to remain calm il s'est forcé à garder une voix calme ; to force a smile/a laugh se forcer à sourire/à rire ; the earthquake forced the evacuation of hundreds of residents le tremblement de terre a provoqué or entraîné l'évacuation de plusieurs centaines d'habitants ; protesters have forced a public inquiry les protestataires ont exigé et obtenu que l'on ouvre une enquête publique ; to force a bill through parliament forcer or obliger le parliament à voter un projet de loi ;2 (push, thrust) to force one's way through [sth] se frayer un chemin à travers or dans [crowd, jungle] ; to force sb to the ground/up against sth plaquer qn au sol/contre qch ; she forced him to his knees elle l'a forcé à se mettre à genoux ; the car forced the motorbike off the road/into the ditch la voiture a forcé la moto à quitter la route/à aller au fossé ; bad weather forced him off the road for a week le mauvais temps l'a empêché de prendre la route pendant une semaine ; she forced her way to the top through sheer perseverance elle est parvenue au sommet grâce à beaucoup de persévérance ;3 ( apply great pressure to) forcer [door, window, lock, safe, engine, meter] ; forcer sur [screw] ; to force an entry Jur entrer par effraction ; to force the pace forcer l'allure ;E v refl1 ( push oneself) to force oneself se forcer (to do à faire) ;2 ( impose oneself) to force oneself on sb imposer sa présence à qn ; I wouldn't want to force myself on you je ne cherche pas à m'imposer.to force sb's hand forcer la main à qn.■ force back:▶ force [sth] back, force back [sth]1 lit repousser, obliger [qch] à reculer [crowd, army] ; she forced him back against the wall elle l'a repoussé or plaqué contre le mur ;2 fig réprimer [emotion, tears, anger].■ force down:▶ force [sth] down, force down [sth]1 ( cause to land) forcer [qch] à se poser [aircraft] ;2 ( eat reluctantly) se forcer à avaler [food] ; to force sth down sb forcer qn à manger qch ; don't force your ideas down my throat ○ ! ne m'impose pas tes idées! ;3 ( reduce) gen, Fin diminuer [qch] (de force) [prices, wages, output] ; réduire [qch] (de force) [currency value, demand, profits, inflation] ; to force down unemployment faire baisser le taux de chômage ;4 ( squash down) tasser [contents, objects].■ force in:▶ force [sth] in, force in [sth] ( into larger space) faire entrer [qch] de force ; ( into small opening) enfoncer [qch] de force.■ force into:▶ force [sb/sth] into sth/doing1 ( compel) forcer [qn/qch] à faire ; to be forced into doing être forcé de faire ; I was forced into it on m'a forcé à le faire ;2 (push, thrust) she forced him into the car elle l'a fait entrer de force dans la voiture ; he forced his clothes into a suitcase il a tassé ses vêtements dans une valise ; he forced his way into the house il est entré de force dans la maison.■ force on:▶ force [sth] on sb imposer [qch] à qn, forcer qn à accepter [qch] ; the decision was forced on him il a été forcé de prendre cette décision ; team X forced a draw on team Y l'équipe X a arraché un match nul à l'équipe Y.■ force open:▶ force [sth] open, force open [sth] forcer [door, window, box, safe] ; she forced the patient's mouth open elle a ouvert la bouche du malade de force ; he forced his eyes open il s'est forcé à ouvrir les yeux.■ force out:▶ force [sth] out, force out [sth] ( by physical means) faire sortir [qch] par la force [invader, enemy, object] ; enlever [qch] de force [cork] ; the government was forced out in the elections les élections ont forcé or obligé le gouvernement à quitter le pouvoir ; she forced out a few words elle s'est forcée à dire quelques mots ; to force one's way out (of sth) s'échapper (de qch) par la force ; to force sth out of sb arracher qch à qn [information, apology, smile, confession] ; the injury forced him out of the game cette blessure l'a forcé à abandonner le jeu.▶ force [sth] through, force through [sth] faire adopter [legislation, measures].■ force up:▶ force [sth] up, force up [sth] [inflation, crisis, situation] faire augmenter [prices, costs, demand, unemployment] ; [government, company, minister] augmenter (de force) [prices, output, wages] ; relever [exchange rate]. -
8 flame
fleɪm
1. сущ.
1) а) огонь, пламя to kindle a flame ≈ воспламенять, зажигать to burst into flame ≈ загораться open flame ≈ открытый огонь a flame burns ≈ горит огонь an (the) eternal flame ≈ вечный огонь the Olympic flame ≈ олимпийский огонь Syn: fire, flare, blaze б) горение, сгорание The house was in flames. ≈ Дом был охвачен пожаром. The car burst into flame. ≈ Машину охватило пламя.
2) а) яркий свет б) перен. блеск, яркость, великолепие Syn: brightness, brilliance
3) пыл, страсть
4) шутл. предмет любви, предмет обожания my old flame ≈ моя старая любовь Syn: sweetheart ∙ to stir the flames (of racism) ≈ раздувать пламя (расизма)
2. гл.
1) гореть ярким пламенем, пылать Syn: blaze
2) разразиться( чем-л.), 'взорваться' He flamed with indignation. ≈ Он разразился приступом негодования.
3) вспыхнуть, покраснеть;
рдеть, пылать (напр., о щеках) Syn: redden, grow red, turn red, glow ∙ flame out flame up пламя - in *s в огне, горящий, пылающий - to burst /to break/ into *(s), to go up in *s вспыхнуть, загореться - to commit to the *s предавать огню, сжигать - to shoot out *s извергать пламя яркий свет, сияние - silver * of moonlight серебристый свет луны - the *s of sunset зарево /пламя/ заката пыл, страсть - * of anger вспышка гнева - to fan the * разжигать страсти - the * of his intellect блеск его ума предмет страсти - an old * of his его старая любовь /пассия/ пылать, гореть пламенем сиять, светиться, пламенеть - the western sky *d небо на западе пламенело - the garden *d with tulips сад казался огненно-красным от тюльпанов вспыхивать, пылать ( о страсти и т. п.) - to * with indignation пылать негодованием - her anger suddenly *d она вдруг вспылила вспыхнуть, загореться, покраснеть - her face *d with excitement ее лицо пылало /она покраснела/ от волнения( специальное) проводить через пламя, фламбировать( кулинарное) поливать горящим кипятком (пуншем и т. п.) ~ шутл. предмет любви;
an old flame of his его старая любовь to commit to the ~s сжигать;
in flames пылающий, в огне;
the flames of sunset зарево заката flame вспыхнуть, покраснеть;
her face flamed with excitement ее лицо разгорелось от волнения ~ гореть, пламенеть, пылать ~ пламя;
the flames огонь;
to burst into flame(s) вспыхнуть пламенем ~ шутл. предмет любви;
an old flame of his его старая любовь ~ пыл, страсть;
to fan the flame разжигать страсти ~ яркий свет ~ out, ~ up вспылить ~ out, ~ up вспыхнуть, запылать ~ out, ~ up вспылить ~ out, ~ up вспыхнуть, запылать ~ пламя;
the flames огонь;
to burst into flame(s) вспыхнуть пламенем to commit to the ~s сжигать;
in flames пылающий, в огне;
the flames of sunset зарево заката flame вспыхнуть, покраснеть;
her face flamed with excitement ее лицо разгорелось от волнения to commit to the ~s сжигать;
in flames пылающий, в огне;
the flames of sunset зарево заката -
9 class
̈ɪklɑ:s
1. сущ.
1) а) (общественный) класс working class ≈ рабочий класс middle class ≈ средний класс upper class ≈ крупная буржуазия;
аристократия б) (the classes) имущие классы
2) а) группа, класс ( в колледже, школе) the top of the class ≈ первый ученик( в классе) б) занятие, урок;
курс обучения, курс лекций When is class? ≈ Когда будут занятия? Syn: course
1., session;
lesson
1. в) амер. выпуск( группа студентов или учащихся, поступивших в одном и том же году, прослушавших единый курс обучения и окончивших в одном и том же году) the class of 1975 ≈ выпуск 1975 года class-system ≈ групповая система, система групп (при которой группа проходит единый курс обучения в отличие от 'university system' ≈ университетской системы, при которой такого единого курса нет)
3) воен. призывники одного и того же года рождения
4) отличие;
степень отличия (разделение на основе результатов экзамена) He will be lucky if he gets his class at all. ≈ Ему повезет, если его вообще аттестуют. to get a class, obtain a class ≈ окончить курс с отличием
5) класс, категория, тип;
разряд;
качество, сорт( разделение вещей на основе их достоинств, качества) Pine trees belong to the evergreen class. ≈ Сосны принадлежат к классу вечнозеленых растений. I came by the second class, and so saved the nine shillings. ≈ Я приехал вторым классом и сэкономил девять шиллингов. class of problems ≈ круг вопросов Syn: kind I, sort
1., division, category, group
1.
6) разг. класс, высокое качество;
шик, блеск There's not much class about her. ≈ Ничего классного в ней нет. Real class your sister is. ≈ Твоя сестра просто блеск. no class Syn: distinction, excellence, style
1.
2. прил.
1) классовый class struggle ≈ классовая борьба class morality ≈ классовая мораль
2) учебный, классный (относящийся к занятиям) The class system is essential to energetic common college life. ≈ Классная система полезна для активной общественной жизни в колледже.
3) классификационный
4) разг. шикарный, классный It was a class neighbourhood, thought Foxy, surveying the elegant, freshly-painted houses. ≈ "Отличные соседи", - подумал Фокси, разглядывая элегантные свежевыкрашенные дома.
3. гл.
1) классифицировать, систематизировать Since they can and do successfully inter-breed they cannot be classed as different species. ≈ Так как они могут скрещиваться и успешно это делают, их нельзя относить к разным видам. I class myself as an ordinary working person. ≈ Я отношу себя к обычному рабочему человеку. Syn: classify
2) аттестовать, распределять( студентов или школьников) по степеням отличия (в результате экзаменов) Tompkins obtained a degree, but was not classed. ≈ Томпкинс получил диплом, но без отличия. At a second year's examination Tom was not classed at all. ≈ По итогам экзаменов на втором году обучения Том вообще не был аттестован. ∙ class with( общественный) класс - the working * рабочий класс - the middle * (политэкономия) буржуазия;
среднее сословие;
средний слой общества - the upper * аристократия, дворянство;
высшее сословие, высшие слои общества;
крупная буржуазия - lower middle * мелкая буржуазия;
низы среднего класса;
мещанство, мещане - landed *es помещики, землевладельцы( редкое) имущие классы - the *es and masses все слои общества - to back the masses against the *es поддерживать трудящихся в борьбе против имущих классовый - * society классовое общество - * struggle классовая борьба - * differences классовые различия - * alien классово чуждый элемент класс;
разряд;
группа;
категория;
вид, род - ship's * класс судна - *es of weight( спортивное) весовые категории - open * (спортивное) свободный класс - * of fit (техническое) тип посадки - two *es of poets поэты двух родов - different *es of intellect разный склад ума - a good * of man порядочный человек - a poor * of house плохой дой - the best * of hotel первоклассная гостиница, гостиница высшего разряда - in a * by itself единственный в своем роде;
неподражаемый, неповторимый, незаменимый класс (поезда, парохода) - to travel first * ездить первым классом( морское) тип (корабля) сорт, качество - first * первоклассный, высшего сорта класс ( в школе) ;
группа (в колледже) - the top of the * первый ученик (в классе) - to take a * of beginners взять группу начинающих - listen, *! послушайте, дети! (обращение учителя) - * dismissed! урок окончен!, занятие окончено!;
можете идти! кружок( по изучению чего-л) занятие;
занятия;
курс обучения - to take *es учиться( чему-л) ;
проходить курс обучения (какому-л. предмету) - to take *es in cookery учиться на курсах кулинарии - what time does the * begin? когда начинаются занятия? - when is *? когда начало занятий?, когда приходить в школу? выпуск студентов или учащихся (одного года) ;
- * of 1980 выпуск 1980 года (биология) класс отличие - to get * окончить (курс) с отличием (разговорное) достоинство( поведения) ;
высокие качества (характера) - the new teacher's got real * новая учительница держится с большим достоинством - to be no * (разговорное) ничего не стоить, никуда не годиться - he is no * это человек низкого пошиба (сленг) "класс", шик;
привлекательность - that girl's got *! классная девчонка! (военное) ранг (американизм) (морское) статья;
- seaman 1st * матрос 1-й статьи( военное) призывники одного года рождения - the * of 1937 призывники 1937 года рождения классификационный - * heading широкая рубрика( систематической классификации) - * letter( морское) буква, означающая тип корабля;
(специальное) буква классификационного знака, буква индекса - * mark классификационный знак учебный;
относящийся к классу, к занятиям - * hours учебные часы - * day (американизм) выпускной акт с выступлениями выпускников (школы, колледжа) классифицировать, сортировать - the vessel is *ed A1 at Lloyds регистром Ллойда судну присвоен первый класс причислять - he cannot be *ed amond the best его нельзя отнести к лучшим зачислять в одну категорию, ставить наряду( с чем-л) - to * justice with wisdom ценить справедливость не меньше, чем мудрость присуждать диплом той или иной категории (в результате экзаменов) - Smith got a degree but was not *ed Смит получил диплом, но без отличия abstract ~ вчт. абстрактный класс age ~ возрастная группа annual ~ годичный класс base ~ вчт. базовый класс business ~ бизнес-класс ~ распределять отличия (в результате экзаменов) ;
Tompkins obtained a degree, but was not classed Томпкинс получил степень, но без отличия class вид ~ время начала занятий (в школе) ;
when is class? когда начинаются занятия? ~ амер. выпуск (студентов или учащихся такого-то года) ~ группа ~ занятие ~ категория ~ качество ~ класс (на железной дороге, пароходе) ;
to travel third class ездить в третьем классе ~ класс (в школе) ;
the top of the class первый ученик (в классе) ~ биол. класс ~ класс;
разряд;
группа;
категория;
class of problems круг вопросов ~ класс (общественный) ;
the working class рабочий класс;
the middle class средняя буржуазия ~ вчт. класс ~ класс ~ классифицировать ~ классный ~ классовый;
class alien классово чуждый элемент ~ курс (обучения) ;
to take classes (in) проходить курс обучения (где-л.) ~ курс обучения ~ отличие;
to get (или to obtain) a class окончить курс с отличием ~ воен. призывники одного и того же года рождения;
the 1957 class призывники 1957 года (рождения) ~ воен. призывники одного и того же года рождения;
the 1957 class призывники 1957 года (рождения) ~ разряд ~ распределять отличия (в результате экзаменов) ;
Tompkins obtained a degree, but was not classed Томпкинс получил степень, но без отличия ~ сорт, качество;
in a class by itself первоклассный;
it is no class разг. это никуда не годится ~ сорт ~ сортировать ~ составить себе мнение, оценить;
class with ставить наряду с ~ мор. тип корабля ~ классовый;
class alien классово чуждый элемент ~ ~ вчт. класс классов ~ of creditor in bankruptcy категория неплатежеспособности кредитора ~ of events вчт. класс событий ~ of goods категория товара ~ of goods сорт товара ~ of heir категория наследника ~ of insurance тип страхования ~ класс;
разряд;
группа;
категория;
class of problems круг вопросов ~ of risk степень риска ~ of shares класс акций ~ составить себе мнение, оценить;
class with ставить наряду с the upper ~ крупная буржуазия;
аристократия;
the classes имущие классы classes: classes: equivalence ~ вчт. класс эквивалентности complexity ~ вчт. класс сложности danger ~ категория риска data structure ~ вчт. класс структур данных deep-sea ~ глубоководный класс economy ~ экономический класс environmental ~ категория экологического состояния first ~ торг. первый класс ~ отличие;
to get (или to obtain) a class окончить курс с отличием ~ сорт, качество;
in a class by itself первоклассный;
it is no class разг. это никуда не годится ~ сорт, качество;
in a class by itself первоклассный;
it is no class разг. это никуда не годится job ~ вчт. класс задания lower ~ низший класс lower middle ~ мелкая буржуазия lower middle ~ низы среднего класса lower: ~ middle class мелкая буржуазия;
lower orders низшие сословия, классы media ~ категория средств рекламы ~ класс (общественный) ;
the working class рабочий класс;
the middle class средняя буржуазия middle ~ средний класс middle ~ средний слой naming ~ вчт. класс идентификаторов nonlife ~ категория ущерба object ~ вчт. класс объектов ocean-going ~ океанский класс output ~ вчт. выходной класс poison ~ третий класс privilege ~ вчт. класс привилегий productivity ~ класс продуктивности quality ~ произ. категория качества risk ~ класс риска ruling ~ правящий класс second ~ второй класс share ~ класс акций social ~ социальный класс storage ~ вчт. класс памяти system ~ вчт. системный класс ~ курс (обучения) ;
to take classes (in) проходить курс обучения (где-л.) ~ распределять отличия (в результате экзаменов) ;
Tompkins obtained a degree, but was not classed Томпкинс получил степень, но без отличия ~ класс (в школе) ;
the top of the class первый ученик (в классе) tourist ~ второй класс tourist: ~ attr. туристский, относящийся к туризму, путешествиям;
tourist agency бюро путешествий;
tourist class второй класс (на океанском пароходе или в самолете) traffic ~ вчт. класс трафика travel business ~ путешествовать бизнес-классом travel business ~ путешествовать деловым классом travel economy ~ путешествовать туристическим классом travel first ~ путешествовать первым классом ~ класс (на железной дороге, пароходе) ;
to travel third class ездить в третьем классе the upper ~ крупная буржуазия;
аристократия;
the classes имущие классы upper ~ аристократия upper ~ верхушка общества upper middle ~ верхушка среднего класса middle: the upper (lower) ~ class крупная (мелкая) буржуазия vehicle ~ класс автотранспортного средства ~ время начала занятий (в школе) ;
when is class? когда начинаются занятия? ~ класс (общественный) ;
the working class рабочий класс;
the middle class средняя буржуазия working ~ рабочий класс -
10 clear
klɪə
1. прил.
1) а) светлый, ясный, безоблачный( о небе) a clear day ≈ ясный, безоблачный день The day dawned with a clear sky. ≈ День наступал ясный, безоблачный. clear white ≈ чистый белый clear brown ≈ светло коричневый Syn: cloudless, unclouded б) прозрачный The water in the bay was clear as glass. ≈ Вода в заливе была прозрачной, как стекло. Syn: transparent, lucid, translucent, crystalline
1., pellucid, diaphanous в) яркий, блестящий;
чистый (особ. о коже без прыщей, морщин и т. п.) a dark-coloured coat with clear buttons ≈ темное пальто с яркими пуговицами a clear light ≈ яркий свет clear fire ≈ яркий огонь( без дыма) Her complexion was clear, but quite olive. ≈ Кожа на лице у нее была чистой, но с желтоватым оттенком. Syn: lustrous, bright
1., brilliant
2., radiant
1., luminous
2) о восприятии, распознавании а) четкий, отчетливый, ясно видимый Syn: well-marked, sharp
1. б) ясно слышный, звонкий, отчетливый The singing was loud and clear. ≈ Пение было громким и отчетливым. Syn: audible, articulate
1. в) ясный, понятный, недвусмысленный( о словах, значениях и т. п.) to make clear the meaning of the question ≈ прояснить смысл вопроса If I have made myself clear, you will understand my original meaning. ≈ Если мне удалось ясно выразиться, вы поймете подлинное значение моей мысли. in clear Syn: perspicuous, definite, intelligible, unmistakable, transparent ∙ Syn: distinct Ant: foggy, unclear, unintelligible, blurred, confused, doubtful
3) а) четкий, ясный, логический;
проницательный( о мнении, понятии, представлении, памяти, уме) a clear remembrance of Bill Foster's crimes ≈ четкие воспоминания о преступлениях Билла Фостера This problem requires clear thinking. ≈ Для решение этой проблемы требуется ясная голова. Syn: keen I, sharp б) очевидный, явный, не вызывающий сомнений In the midst of the unreality, it became clear that one man at least was serious. ≈ Среди всей этой нереальности стало очевидным, что, по крайней мере, один человек был серьезен. Syn: evident, plain I
1.
4) убежденный, уверенный, не сомневающийся I am not quite clear about the date. ≈ Я не очень уверен относительно даты. As to the necessity of including Ireland in its scope he was clear. ≈ Что касалось включения Ирландии в эти границы, то тут он не колебался. Syn: positive
1., convinced, confident
1., certain
1., determined
5) о моральных качествах ясный, прямой, простодушный;
чистый, непорочный, невинный a clear conscience ≈ чистая совесть Syn: unsophisticated, guileless, pure, innocent
2., unspotted
6) свободный;
свободный, беспрепятственный( о проходе, дороге и т. п.), свободный (от долгов, подозрений) The path was clear. ≈ Дорога была свободна. Is the sea clear of ice yet? ≈ Море уже свободно ото льда? You are now clear of suspicion. ≈ Вы свободны от подозрений. clear day ≈ свободный, незанятый день all clear all clear signal clear of debts get away clear keep clear of Syn: free
1., unobstructed, unimpeded
7) полный, целый;
абсолютный, неограниченный a clear month ≈ целый месяц Syn: absolute
1., complete
1., entire
1., sheer I
1.
8) амер.;
сл. чистый, без примеси, 'настоящий' solid silver, the clear thing, and no mistake ≈ сплошное серебро, настоящая вещь, без дураков
2. нареч.
1) ясно, четко, отчетливо;
громко, внятно, членораздельно The message came over the wireless loud and clear. ≈ Сообщение, переданное по радио, прозвучало громко и отчетливо. to see one's way clear ≈ не иметь затруднений Syn: clearly, distinctly, plainly, audibly
2) совсем, совершенно;
полностью (тж. несколько усиливает знач. наречий away, off, through при глаголах) The jogger ran clear to the end of the island. ≈ Бегун добежал до самого конца острова. three feet clear ≈ целых три фута Syn: entirely, wholly, completely ∙ clear of
3. гл.
1) а) очищать;
осветлять;
делать прозрачным to clear the water by filtering ≈ очистить воду с помощью фильтров б) очищаться;
проясняться;
становиться прозрачным The skies finally cleared. ≈ Погода наконец прояснилась. ∙ Syn: brighten, lighten I
2) а) оправдывать, снимать подозрение в чем-л. (of) The boy was cleared of the charge of stealing. ≈ С мальчика сняли обвинение в краже. A surprise witness cleared him of the crime. ≈ Удивленный свидетель снял с него подозрение в совершении преступления. to clear one's name ≈ восстановить свое честное имя clear the skirts of Syn: exculpate, exonerate, absolve, acquit, vindicate б) рассеивать( сомнения, подозрения) ;
подтверждать надежность( кого-л. при приеме на секретную работу) to clear for top-secret work ≈ допускать на сверхсекретную работу Dr. Graham might require access to restricted information, and so he had to be cleared. ≈ Доктору Грэхему может понадобиться конфиденциальная информация, поэтому он должен получить допуск.
3) прояснять, разъяснять, объяснять, истолковывать to clear up the mystery ≈ прояснить тайну Syn: enlighten, explain, elucidate
4) а) расчищать, прочищать;
освобождать, очищать от чего-л., кого-л. (of) to clear the dishes ≈ убирать посуду со стола to clear the table ≈ убирать со стола The snowplows cleared the streets. ≈ Снегоочистители очистили улицы. He cleared his throat, and was silent awhile. ≈ Он прочистил горло и немного помолчал. Machines have cleared the way for progress. ≈ Машины расчистили путь прогресса. to clear the air ≈ разрядить атмосферу;
положить конец недоразумениям Will you help me clear the garden of these stones? ≈ Поможешь мне убрать из сада эти камни. We must clear the area of enemy soldiers as soon as possible. ≈ Нам нужно очистить район от врага как можно скорее. clear the way clear the decks for action clear one's mind of Syn: unblock, clean
2., free
3., unstop, empty
3., rid, clean
4. ;
remove
2., free
3. б) спорт отбивать, выбивать (мяч) из штрафной площадки
5) а) одобрять, разрешать Syn: authorize б) успешно пройти( какие-л. инстанции) ;
получить одобрение The bill cleared the legislature. ≈ Законопроект получил одобрение законодательных органов.
6) а) урегулировать финансовые обязательства, производить рассчет;
заплатить долг to clear an account ≈ рассчитаться clear one's expenses б) банк. осуществлять клиринг чеков или векселей
7) уплачивать пошлину;
очищать (товары) от пошлин
8) распродавать товар по сниженным ценам great reductions in order to clear ≈ большая скидка с целью распродажи
9) получать чистый доход Syn: net II
3.
10) избежать, не задеть;
преодолеть препятствие to clear the fence ≈ перескочить через барьер This horse can clear 5 feet. ≈ Эта лошадь берет барьер в 5 футов.
11) эвакуировать
12) разгружать to clear a ship ≈ разгрузить судно ∙ clear away clear off clear out clear up clear with ясный, светлый;
- * day ясный день;
- * sky чистое небо чистый, прозрачный;
- * water of the lake чистая вода озера;
- * glass прозрачное стекло зеркальный( о поверхности) отчетливый, ясный;
- * outline ясное очертание;
- * sight хорошее зрение;
- * reflection in the water ясное отражение в воде;
- * view хорошая видимость звонкий, отчетливый, чистый (о звуке) ;
- * tone чистый звук;
- * voices of the children звонкие детские голоса отчетливый, внятный, четкий;
- his delivery was * and distinct он говорил внятно и отчетливо ясный, понятный;
не вызывающий сомнений;
- * conclusion ясный вывод;
- a * case of murder явное убийство;
- to make a * statement высказаться ясно и определенно;
- to have a * idea иметь ясное представление;
- it is * to me what he is driving at (разговорное) мне понятно, к чему он клонит;
- I am not * on the point мне этот вопрос не ясен;
- I am not * about... я не уверен, что... светлый, ясный, логический (об уме) ;
- * intellect ясный ум;
- * head светлая голова свободный, незанятый;
беспрепятственный;
- * passage свободный проход;
- * line (железнодорожное) свободный путь;
свободный перегон;
- * opening( техническое) просвет;
свободное сечение;
- * way (морское) фарватер;
- next week is *, let's meet then будущая неделя у меня не занята, давай тогда и встретимся (телефония) свободный, незанятый (о линии) чистый;
здоровый;
- * conscience чистая совесть;
- * skin чистая кожа( без прыщей и т. п.) (of) свободный от чего-либо;
- * of debt не обремененный долгами;
- * of suspicion вне подозрений;
- he is * of all bad intentions у него нет дурных намерений;
- roads * of traffic закрытая для движения дорога;
- * of strays (радиотехника) свободный от атмосферных помех;
- we are * of danger now мы сейчас вне опасности полный, целый;
весь;
- * month целый месяц чистый (о доходе и т. п.) ;
- a hundred pounds * profit сто фунтов чистой прибыли;
- I get a * $50 a week я получаю 50 долларов в неделю чистыми абсолютный, совершенный, полный;
- a * victory полная победа;
- he obtained a * majority он получил явное большинство голосов( техническое) незадевающий;
свободно проходящий (фонетика) светлый;
- * I sound светлый оттенок звука I в грам. знач. сущ. клер, нешифрованный текст;
- in * клером, в незашифрованном виде, открытым текстом > to be in the * быть вне подозрений, снять с себя обвинение;
> the coast is * путь свободен, препятствий нет;
> all * путь свободен;
(военное) противник не обнаружен;
> all * signal сигнал отбоя после тревоги;
> (as) * as day ясно, как день;
> (as) * as two and two make four ясно как дважды два четыре;
> (as) * as a bell ясно слышный, отчетливый ясно (эмоционально-усилительно) совсем, совершенно;
целиком;
начисто;
- three feet * целых три фута (of) в стороне от чего-либо;
- to steer * (of) избегать, сторониться;
- keep * of pickpockets! остерегайтесь воров!;
- keep * of the traffic! соблюдайте осторожность при переходе улиц (спортивное) чисто;
- (to be) * abreast( быть) чисто в стороне (о яхте в соревновании) > to see one's way * to do smth. не видеть препятствий к чему-либо;
> to get * away удрать, не оставив следов;
отделаться;
разделаться;
выйти сухим из воды;
> to get * of отделаться;
разделаться;
удрать не оставив следов > to keep * of smth. держаться вдали от чего-либо, сторониться чего-либо очищать;
- thunder has *ed the air после грозы воздух стал чистым;
- to * the table убирать со стола очищаться, становиться ясным, чистым;
делаться прозрачным;
- the sky is *ing небо очищается от туч;
- the weather is *ing погода проясняется;
- the wine will * if the sediment is allowed to settle вино становится прозрачным, если дать ему отстояться объяснить, разъяснить, пролить свет;
- to * one's meaning разъяснить смысл своих слов;
- to * smb. in regard to a matter разъяснить кому-либо вопрос освобождать, очищать;
убирать, устранять препятствия;
- to * the stones from the road убрать с дороги камни - to * a way освободить дорогу;
- to * the way открыть путь;
- to * the way for future action расчистить путь для дальнейших действий;
- to * the ground расчистить участок земли под пашню;
- land *ed for cultivation земля, расчищенная для посева;
- to * the room of people освободить комнату от людей;
- * the way! разойдитесь!, освободите дорогу!;
посторонись!, берегись!;
- to * one's mind of doubts отбросить сомнения оправдывать;
очищать от подозрений;
- to * one's character восстановить свою репутацию;
- to * oneself of a charge оправдаться взять, преодолеть препятствие;
- to * a hedge перемахнуть через изгородь;
- to * the hurdle (спортивное) преодолеть препятствие;
- to * the bar (спортивное) брать высоту;
- he *ed the bar at six feet (спортивное) он взял высоту в шесть футов едва не задеть, избежать;
- to * an iceberg at sea еле-еле избежать столкновения с айсбергом;
- our bus just managed to * the truck наш автобус едва не столкнулся с грузовиком;
- a tree with branches that barely * the roof дерево, ветки которого почти касаются крыши (военное) вывозить, эвакуировать;
- to * casualties эвакуировать раненых;
- to * the enemy очистить от противника (район и т. п.) распутывать( веревку и т. п.) - to * a hawser распутать трос разгружать;
- to * a ship of her cargo разгрузить корабль заплатить долг, произвести расчет;
оплатить расходы и т. п.;
- this sum will * all his debts эта сумма покроет все его долги;
- to * an encumbered estate очистить имение от долгов (банковское) производить клиринг чеков или векселей;
производить расчет по векселям или чекам через расчетную палату (коммерческое) очищать товары, груз от пошлин;
выполнять таможенные формальности;
- to * a ship at the custom-house произвести очистку судна на таможне (коммерческое) получать чистую прибыль;
- the firm *ed 300 000 фирма получила триста тысяч чистой прибыли распродавать, устраивать распродажи;
- to * goods распродавать товары дать допуск к (совершенно) секретной работе( спортивное) отбить( мяч и т. п.) - to * a corner отбить угловой в поле;
- to * the puck выбить шайбу из зоны защиты (специальное) осветлять;
очищать (телефония) разъединять абонентов (with) (американизм) согласовать с кем-либо;
- you must * your plan with the headquarters насчет своего плана вы должны договориться с руководством расшифровывать, декодировать > to * an examinator paper ответить на все вопросы по экзаменационному билету;
> to * the coast расчистить путь, устранить препятствия;
> to * one's throat откашляться;
> to * the decks( морское) приготовиться к бою;
приготовиться к действиям;
> to * the air разрядить атмосферу, устранить недоразумения;
> to * the skirts of smb. смыть позорное пятно с кого-либо;
восстановить чью-либо репутацию;
> to * a score расквитаться all ~ отбой( после тревоги) ;
all clear signal сигнал отбоя all ~ воен. противник не обнаружен all ~ путь свободен all ~ отбой (после тревоги) ;
all clear signal сигнал отбоя clear гасить ~ не задеть, проехать или перескочить через барьер, не задев его;
to clear an obstacle взять препятствие;
this horse can clear 5 feet эта лошадь берет барьер в 5 футов ~ необремененный, свободный от чего-либо ~ объяснять ~ оправдывать ~ освобождать, очищать ~ осуществлять клиринг векселей ~ осуществлять клиринг чеков ~ отчетливый ~ очищать(ся) ;
расчищать;
to clear the air разрядить атмосферу;
положить конец недоразумениям;
to clear the dishes убирать посуду со стола;
to clear the table убирать со стола ~ очищать ~ очищать от пошлин, уплачивать пошлины ~ очищать от пошлин ~ получать чистую прибыль ~ торг. получать чистую прибыль ~ понятный, ясный, недвусмысленный ~ понятный ~ прозрачный ~ производить расчет ~ проходить мимо, миновать ~ проясняться ~ пустой ~ разъяснять ~ распродавать (товар) ;
great reductions in order to clear большая скидка с целью распродажи ~ распродавать ~ торг. распродавать товары по сниженным ценам ~ рассеивать (сомнения, подозрения) ~ сброшенный ~ свободный;
clear passage свободный проход ~ свободный ~ совсем, целиком (тж. несколько усиливает знач. наречий away, off, through при глаголах) ;
three feet clear целых три фута ~ становиться прозрачным (о вине) ~ уплачивать пошлины, очищать от пошлин ~ вчт. устанавливать в исходное состояние ~ устранять препятствия ~ целый, полный;
a clear month целый месяц ~ чистый (о весе, доходе или о совести) ~ чистый ~ эвакуировать ~ ясно;
to see one's way clear не иметь затруднений ~ ясно слышный, отчетливый ~ ясный, явный, очевидный ~ ясный (об уме) ;
to get away clear отделаться ~ ясный, светлый;
clear sky безоблачное небо ~ ясный ~ не задеть, проехать или перескочить через барьер, не задев его;
to clear an obstacle взять препятствие;
this horse can clear 5 feet эта лошадь берет барьер в 5 футов ~ away рассеивать (сомнения) ~ away рассеиваться( о тумане, облаках) ~ away убирать со стола ~ down вчт. разъединить ~ down вчт. разъединять ~ from suspicion вне подозрений ~ line ж.-д. свободный перегон (между станциями) ~ целый, полный;
a clear month целый месяц ~ of debts свободный от долгов ~ of suspicion отводить подозрения ~ off отделываться( от чего-л.) ~ off проясняться (о погоде) ~ off разг. убираться;
just clear off at once! убирайтесь немедленно! to ~ the way подготовить почву;
to clear one's expenses покрыть свои расходы ~ out внезапно уехать, уйти ~ out вычищать ~ out очищать ~ out разг. разорять ~ out stocks освобождать склады ~ свободный;
clear passage свободный проход ~ ясный, светлый;
clear sky безоблачное небо ~ очищать(ся) ;
расчищать;
to clear the air разрядить атмосферу;
положить конец недоразумениям;
to clear the dishes убирать посуду со стола;
to clear the table убирать со стола to ~ the skirts (of smb.) смыть позорное пятно (с кого-л.) ;
восстановить (чью-л.) репутацию;
to clear the decks (for action) мор. приготовиться к бою (перен. к действиям) deck: on ~ амер. готовый к действиям;
to clear the decks (for action) мор. приготовиться к бою;
перен. приготовиться к действиям ~ очищать(ся) ;
расчищать;
to clear the air разрядить атмосферу;
положить конец недоразумениям;
to clear the dishes убирать посуду со стола;
to clear the table убирать со стола to ~ the skirts (of smb.) смыть позорное пятно (с кого-л.) ;
восстановить (чью-л.) репутацию;
to clear the decks (for action) мор. приготовиться к бою (перен. к действиям) ~ очищать(ся) ;
расчищать;
to clear the air разрядить атмосферу;
положить конец недоразумениям;
to clear the dishes убирать посуду со стола;
to clear the table убирать со стола to ~ the way подготовить почву;
to clear one's expenses покрыть свои расходы ~ up выяснять ~ up приводить в порядок ~ up раскрывать ~ ясный (об уме) ;
to get away clear отделаться ~ распродавать (товар) ;
great reductions in order to clear большая скидка с целью распродажи in ~ тех. в свету in ~ открытым текстом, в незашифрованном виде ~ off разг. убираться;
just clear off at once! убирайтесь немедленно! to keep ~ (of smb.) остерегаться, избегать ( кого-л.) ~ ясно;
to see one's way clear не иметь затруднений ~ не задеть, проехать или перескочить через барьер, не задев его;
to clear an obstacle взять препятствие;
this horse can clear 5 feet эта лошадь берет барьер в 5 футов ~ совсем, целиком (тж. несколько усиливает знач. наречий away, off, through при глаголах) ;
three feet clear целых три фута up выяснять;
распутывать (дело) up прибирать, убирать up проясняться ( о погоде) up: up prep вверх по, по направлению к( источнику, центру, столице и т. п.) ;
up the river вверх по реке;
up the hill в гору;
up the steps вверх по лестнице ~ prep вдоль по;
вглубь;
up the street по улице;
to travel up (the) country ехать вглубь страны ~ вздорожание ~ спорт. впереди;
he is two points up он на два очка впереди своего противника ~ разг. вскакивать ~ идущий, поднимающийся вверх ~ поезд, автобус и т. п., идущий в Лондон, в большой город или на север ~ prep к северу, в северном направлении ~ направляющийся в крупный центр или на север (особ. о поезде) ;
up train поезд, идущий в Лондон или большой город ~ повышающийся ~ разг. поднимать;
повышать (цены) ~ подъем ~ prep против (течения, ветра и т. п.) ;
up the wind против ветра;
to row up the stream грести против течения ~ указывает на близость или сходство: he is up to his father as a scientist как ученый он не уступает своему отцу ~ указывает на истечение срока, завершение или результат действия: Parliament is up сессия парламента закрылась ~ указывает на нахождение наверху или на более высокое положение наверху;
выше;
high up in the air высоко в небе или в воздухе ~ указывает на переход из горизонтального положения в вертикальное или от состояния покоя к деятельности: he is up он встал ~ указывает на подъем наверх, вверх;
he went up он пошел наверх;
up and down вверх и вниз;
взад и вперед ;
hands up! руки вверх! ~ указывает на приближение: a boy came up подошел мальчик ~ указывает на совершение действия: something is up что-то происходит;
что-то затевается;
what's up? в чем дело?, что случилось? ~ указывает на увеличение, повышение в цене, в чине, в значении и т. п. выше;
the corn is up хлеб подорожал;
age 12 up от 12 лет и старше ~ успех ~ шипучий( о напитках) up: ~ там и сям;
см. тж. up -
11 clear
1. [klıə] a1. ясный, светлыйclear sky - чистое /ясное, безоблачное/ небо
2. 1) чистый, прозрачныйclear water of the lake - чистая /прозрачная/ вода озера
2) зеркальный ( о поверхности)3. отчётливый, ясныйclear outline - ясное /отчётливое/ очертание
4. 1) звонкий, отчётливый, чистый ( о звуке)2) отчётливый, внятный; чёткий5. ясный, понятный; не вызывающий сомненийa clear case of murder - явное /несомненное/ убийство
it is clear to me what he is driving at - разг. мне понятно, к чему он клонит
I am not clear (about)... - я не уверен, что...
6. светлый, ясный, логический ( об уме)clear intellect - ясный /светлый/ ум
7. 1) свободный, незанятый; беспрепятственныйclear passage - свободный проход /проезд/
clear line - ж.-д. свободный путь; свободный перегон
clear opening - тех. просвет; свободное сечение
clear way - мор. фарватер
next week is clear, let's meet then - будущая неделя у меня не занята, давай тогда и встретимся
2) тел. свободный, незанятый ( о линии)8. чистый; здоровыйclear skin - чистая кожа (без прыщей и т. п.)
9. (of) свободный (от чего-л.)clear of debt [of worry] - не обременённый долгами [заботами]
clear of strays - радио свободный от атмосферных помех
10. 1) полный, целый; весьclear month - целый /весь/ месяц
2) чистый (о доходе и т. п.)I get a clear £50 a week - я получаю 50 фунтов в неделю чистыми
11. абсолютный, совершенный, полныйhe obtained a clear majority - он получил явное /убедительное/ большинство ( голосов)
12. тех. незадевающий; свободно проходящий13. фон. светлый14. в грам. знач. сущ. клер, нешифрованный текстin clear - клером, в незашифрованном виде, открытым текстом
♢
to be in the clear - быть вне подозрений, снять с себя обвинениеthe coast is clear - путь свободен, препятствий нет
all clear - а) путь свободен; б) воен. противник не обнаружен
2. [klıə] adv(as) clear as a bell - ясно слышный, отчётливый
1. ясно2. эмоц.-усил. совсем, совершенно; целиком; начисто3. (of) в стороне от (чего-л.)to steer clear (of) - избегать, сторониться
keep clear of pickpockets! - остерегайтесь воров!
keep clear of the traffic! - соблюдайте осторожность при переходе улиц
4. спорт. чисто(to be) clear abreast [ahead, astern] - (быть) чисто в стороне [впереди, позади] ( о яхте в соревновании)
♢
to see one's way clear to do smth. - не видеть препятствий к чему-л.to get clear away - а) удрать, не оставив следов; б) отделаться; разделаться; ≅ выйти сухим из воды
to get clear of = to get clear away б)
3. [klıə] vto keep clear of smth. - держаться вдали /в стороне/ от чего-л., сторониться чего-л.
1. 1) очищать2) очищаться, становиться ясным, чистым; делаться прозрачным:the wine will clear if the sediment is allowed to settle - вино становится прозрачным, если дать ему отстояться
2. объяснить, разъяснить, пролить светto clear one's meaning - разъяснить смысл /значение/ своих слов
to clear smb. in regard to a matter - разъяснить кому-л. вопрос
3. освобождать, очищать; убирать, устранять препятствияto clear a way [a passage] - освободить /очистить/ дорогу [проход]
to clear the way for future action - расчистить путь /подготовить почву/ для дальнейших действий
land cleared for cultivation - земля, расчищенная для посева
to clear the room [the court] of people - освободить /очистить/ комнату [зал суда] (от людей)
clear the way! - разойдитесь!, освободите дорогу!; посторонись!, берегись!
to clear one's mind of doubts [suspicions] - отбросить сомнения [отделаться от подозрений]
4. оправдывать; очищать от подозренийto clear one's character [one's name] - восстановить свою репутацию [своё доброе имя]
5. 1) взять, преодолеть препятствиеto clear a hedge - перемахнуть /перепрыгнуть/ через изгородь
to clear the hurdle - спорт. преодолеть препятствие
to clear the bar /the height/ - спорт. брать высоту
he cleared the bar at six feet - спорт. он взял высоту в шесть футов
2) едва не задеть, избежатьour bus just managed to clear the truck - наш автобус едва не столкнулся с грузовиком
a tree with branches that barely clear the roof - дерево, ветки которого почти касаются крыши
6. воен. вывозить, эвакуироватьto clear the enemy - очистить от противника (район и т. п.)
7. распутывать (верёвку и т. п.)to clear a hawser [a fishing-line] - распутать трос [лесу]
8. разгружать9. 1) заплатить долг, произвести расчёт; оплатить (расходы и т. п.)2) банк. производить клиринг чеков или векселей; производить расчёт по векселям или чекам через расчётную палату10. ком. очищать (товары, груз) от пошлин; выполнять таможенные формальности11. ком. получать чистую прибыльthe firm cleared £300 000 - фирма получила триста тысяч фунтов стерлингов чистой прибыли
12. распродавать, устраивать распродажи13. дать допуск к (совершенно) секретной работе14. спорт. отбить (мяч и т. п.)15. спец. осветлять; очищать16. тел. разъединять ( абонентов)17. (with) амер. согласовать (с кем-л.)you must clear your plan with the headquarters - насчёт своего плана вы должны договориться с руководством
18. расшифровывать, декодировать♢
to clear an examination paper - ответить на все вопросы по экзаменационному билетуto clear the coast - расчистить путь, устранить препятствия
to clear one's throat /voice/ - откашляться
to clear the decks (for action) - а) мор. приготовиться к бою; б) приготовиться к действиям /к борьбе/
to clear the air /the atmosphere/ - разрядить атмосферу, устранить недоразумения
to clear the skirts of smb. - смыть позорное пятно с кого-л.; восстановить чью-л. репутацию
to clear a score /scores/ - расквитаться
-
12 deep
1. [di:p] n1. 1) глубь, глубинаthe unfathomed deeps - неизведанные /неизмеренные/ глубины океана
the deeps of knowledge - образн. глубины знаний
2) углубление, впадина; глубокое место3) pl абиссальные глубины (более 5500 м́)2. (the deep) поэт. море, океан; пучинаthe great /mighty/ deep - бездонная синь
to commit a body to the deep - предавать тело ( умершего) морской пучине
3. книжн. бездна, пропасть4. эмоц.-усил. время наиболее полного проявления чего-л.in the deep of night - глубокой ночью, в глухую полночь
5. поэт., ритор. непостижимое, вечная тайна6. мор. расстояние между двумя отметками лотлиня7. горн. уклон, наклонная выработка2. [di:p] a1. 1) глубокий:deep river [recess, wound, snow] - глубокая река [ниша, рана, -ий снег]
as deep as a well - глубокий, как колодец; очень глубокий
deep greenhouse - с.-х. земляная теплица
2) имеющий определённую глубину, глубиной вa mile [10 feet] deep - глубиной в одну милю [в 10 футов]
a lot 30 feet wide and 100 feet deep - участок в 30 футов шириной и в 100 футов длиной
soldiers four rows deep - солдаты, построившиеся в четыре шеренги
2. широкий; имеющий большую толщинуdeep shelf [hem] - широкая полка [-ий рубец]
her thighs were deep and white - бёдра у неё были округлые /полные/ и белые
3. 1) находящийся на большой глубине, глубинныйdeep dive - а) ныряние на глубину; б) спорт. глубокий вход в воду
2) (in) покрытый толстым слоем (чего-л.), находящийся под (чем-л.)lanes deep in snow - дорожки, засыпанные толстым слоем снега
3) (in) находящийся или расположенный в глубине, далеко от (чего-л.)a house deep in the valley - домик, стоящий глубоко в долине
4) (in) погружённый, увлечённый, поглощённыйdeep in reading - погружённый /ушедший с головой/ в чтение
4. сильный, крепкийdeep in the chest - широкогрудый, с широкой грудью
5. серьёзный, глубокий, фундаментальный, основательныйdeep theoretician [thinker, intellect, insight] - глубокий теоретик [мыслитель, ум, -ое проникновение]
deep study - а) фундаментальное исследование; б) серьёзные познания
deep argument - веский аргумент /довод/
deep problem - сложная /серьёзная/ проблема
6. 1) сложный; непостижимый; таинственныйdeep mystery /secret/ - непостижимая загадка /тайна/
deep game /play/ - сложная игра
2) сложный; глубинныйthe deeper causes of the social unrest - глубинные причины общественного недовольства
7. 1) интенсивный; сильный, глубокийdeep breath /sigh/ - глубокий вздох
deep impression [grief, affection, gratitude, interest] - глубокое впечатление [горе, чувство, -ая благодарность, -ий интерес]
deep sleep - глубокий /крепкий/ сон
2) полный, совершенный, абсолютныйdeep gloom [mourning] - глубокий мрак [траур]
deep stillness - /глубокая/ тишина; безмолвие
3) глубоко укоренившийся; заядлый, завзятый4) тяжёлый; серьёзный; мучительныйdeep sin - страшный /смертный/ грех
8. насыщенный, тёмный, густой (о краске, цвете)deep blue [brown] - тёмно-синий [тёмно-коричневый] цвет
9. низкий, полный, грудного тембра (о звуке, голосе)10. уст. грязный; непролазный; непроходимый ( о дорогах)11. разг. хитрый, ловкий12. мед. подкожный13. психол. подсознательный14. (-deep) как компонент сложных слов:1) стоящий в столько-то рядов2) погрузившийся на столько-то:♢
a deep one - продувная бестия, тёртый калачdeep pocket - богатство, состоятельность
to be in [to get into] deep waters - быть [попасть] в затруднительное положение
3. [di:p] advto go (in) off the deep end, to go off at the deep end - а) взволноваться, разозлиться; б) рисковать, действовать сгоряча /необдуманно/; ≅ не узнавши броду, соваться в воду
1. 1) глубоко; в глубинеto lie deep - лежать /залегать/ на большой глубине [см. тж. 1, 2)]
to dig deep - а) рыть глубоко; б) докапываться
to stick one's hands deep into one's pockets - засунуть руки глубоко в карманы
the harpoon sank deep into the flesh - гарпун вошёл глубоко в тело (животного)
2) глубокоto lie deep - лежать глубоко, иметь глубокие корни (о причинах и т. п.) [см. тж. 1, 1)]
to sink deep into the mind - запасть в душу; глубоко запечатлеться
the difference goes deeper - различия лежат (ещё) глубже /имеют (более) глубокие корни/
2. на большом удалении (от чего-л.)deep in the mountains - высоко в горах; ≅ в самом сердце гор
3. до момента наиболее полного проявления (чего-л.)4. очень, весьма; сильно, многоto drink deep - а) сделать большой глоток; he had drunk deep of the pleasures of life - он сполна вкусил жизненных удовольствий; б) сильно пить, пить запоем
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13 reach
ri: 1. verb1) (to arrive at (a place, age etc): We'll never reach London before dark; Money is not important when you reach my age; The noise reached our ears; Has the total reached a thousand dollars yet?; Have they reached an agreement yet?) nå, komme fram til2) (to (be able to) touch or get hold of (something): My keys have fallen down this hole and I can't reach them.) rekke, nå, gripe etter3) (to stretch out one's hand in order to touch or get hold of something: He reached (across the table) for another cake; She reached out and took the book; He reached across/over and slapped her.) strekke ut etter4) (to make contact with; to communicate with: If anything happens you can always reach me by phone.) nå, få tak i5) (to stretch or extend: My property reaches from here to the river.) strekke, rekke2. noun1) (the distance that can be travelled easily: My house is within (easy) reach (of London).) rekkevidde, avstand2) (the distance one can stretch one's arm: I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children's reach; My keys are down that hole, just out of reach (of my fingers); The boxer has a very long reach.) rekkevidde3) ((usually in plural) a straight part of a river, canal etc: the lower reaches of the Thames.) rett strekningnå--------rekke--------rekkevidde--------strekningIsubst. \/riːtʃ\/1) det å rekke, det å strekke2) rekkevidde, omfang, utstrekning, fatteevne3) ( om skytevåpen) skuddvidde4) strekning, strekke, områdebeyond one's reach over ens fatteevnebeyond\/out of (the) reach of gunshot ( om skytevåpen) utenfor skuddvidde, ikke på skuddholdget out of reach trekke seg unna, komme seg vekkkeep out of the reach of danger unngå alle farerout of reach utenfor rekkevidde, uoppnåeligto be kept out of children's reach eller to be kept out of the reach of children oppbevares utilgjengelig for barnwithin arm's reach se ➢ arm, 1within easy reach of i umiddelbar nærhet avIIverb \/riːtʃ\/1) strekke, rekke (ut)2) gripe, ta3) rekke, gi• reach me that book, please4) ( også overført) nå, nå opp til, nå frem til, rekke (frem til), komme frem til• as soon as they had reached the station, they started to bickerså snart de hadde kommet frem til stasjonen, begynte de å kjekle5) nå, komme opp i6) kontakte, sette seg i forbindelse med7) ( om alder) (opp)nå, bli8) ( sjøfart) seile med vinden på tvers9) (amer., slang) bestikke, kjøpe, smørereach for somebody\/something gripe etterreach somebody by something få tak i noen på noe -
14 class
I1. [klɑ:s] n1) (общественный) классthe middle class - а) полит.-эк. буржуазия; среднее сословие; б) средний слой общества
the upper class - а) аристократия, дворянство; б) высшее сословие, высшие слои общества; в) крупная буржуазия
lower middle class - а) мелкая буржуазия; б) низы среднего класса; мещанство, мещане
landed classes - помещики, землевладельцы
2) (the classes) редк. имущие классыto back the masses against the classes - поддерживать трудящихся /массы/ в борьбе против имущих
2. [klɑ:s] aклассовыйII1. [klɑ:s] n1. 1) класс; разряд; труппа; категория; вид, родclasses of weight - спорт. весовые категории
open class - спорт. свободный класс
class of fit - тех. тип посадки
the best class of hotel - первоклассная гостиница, гостиница высшего разряда
in a class by itself - единственный в своём роде; неподражаемый, неповторимый, незаменимый
2) класс (поезда, парохода)3) мор. тип ( корабля)2. сорт, качествоfirst class - первоклассный, высшего сорта
3. 1) класс ( в школе); группа ( в колледже)to take a class of beginners - взять /получить/ группу начинающих
listen, class! - послушайте, дети! ( обращение учителя)
class dismissed! - урок окончен!, занятие окончено!; можете идти!
2) кружок (по изучению чего-л.)3) занятие; занятия; курс обученияto take classes (in) - учиться (чему-л.); проходить курс обучения (какому-л. предмету)
what time does the class begin? - когда начинаются занятия?
when is class? - когда начало занятий?, когда приходить в школу?
4) выпуск студентов или учащихся ( одного года)4. биол. класс5. отличиеto get /to obtain/ class - окончить ( курс) с отличием
the new teacher's got real class - новая учительница держится с большим достоинством
to be no class - разг. ничего не стоить, никуда не годиться
2) сл. «класс», шик; привлекательностьthat girl's got class! - классная девчонка!
7. 1) воен. ранг2) амер. мор. статьяseaman 1st /2nd/ class - матрос 1-й /2-й/ статьи
8. воен. призывники одного года рождения2. [klɑ:s] a1. классификационныйclass letter - а) мор. буква, означающая тип корабля; б) спец. буква классификационного знака, буква индекса
class mark /number, symbol/ - классификационный знак /индекс/
2. учебный; относящийся к классу, к занятиямclass hours - учебные /аудиторные/ часы
class day - амер. выпускной акт с выступлениями выпускников (школы, колледжа)
3. [klɑ:s] v1. 1) классифицировать, сортироватьthe vessel is classed A1 at Lloyds - регистром Ллойда судну присвоен первый класс
2) (among) причислятьhe cannot be classed among the best - его нельзя отнести /причислить/ к лучшим
3) (with) зачислять в одну категорию, ставить наряду (с чем-л.)to class justice with wisdom - ценить справедливость не меньше, чем мудрость
2. присуждать диплом той или иной категории ( в результате экзаменов)Smith got a degree but was not classed - Смит получил диплом, но без отличия
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15 class
1. n редк. имущие классы2. a классовый3. n класс; разряд; труппа; категория; вид, родDragon class yacht — килевая яхта-монотип класса «Дракон»
4. n мор. тип5. n сорт, качествоfirst class — первоклассный, высшего сорта
6. n класс; группа7. n кружок8. n занятие; занятия; курс обученияto take classes — учиться ; проходить курс обучения
9. n выпуск студентов или учащихся10. n отличие11. n разг. достоинство; высокие качестваto be no class — ничего не стоить, никуда не годиться
12. n сл. «класс», шик; привлекательностьoutput class — класс выходных данных; выходной класс
social class — общественный класс, класс общества
13. n воен. ранг14. n амер. мор. статья15. n воен. призывники одного года рождения16. a классификационный17. a учебный; относящийся к классу, к занятиям18. v классифицировать, сортировать19. v причислять20. v зачислять в одну категорию, ставить нарядуto class justice with wisdom — ценить справедливость не меньше, чем мудрость
21. v присуждать диплом той или иной категорииSmith got a degree but was not classed — Смит получил диплом, но без отличия
Синонимический ряд:1. caste (noun) caste; position; station; status2. course (noun) course; section; seminar; session3. elegance (noun) elegance; flair; panache; refinement4. group (noun) category; classification; denomination; department; division; group; grouping; league; pigeonhole; set5. order (noun) bracket; caliber; calibre; grade; order; quality; rank; tier6. type (noun) breed; cast; character; cut; description; feather; genre; ilk; kidney; kind; lot; mold; nature; persuasion; sort; species; stamp; stripe; style; type; variety; way7. group (verb) assort; catalog; categorise; categorize; classify; evaluate; grade; group; mark; pigeonhole; pigeon-hole; place; rank; rate; separate; sort; sort out
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